为研究水平冲击下不同参数对于头排乘员损伤的影响及不同保护姿势的保护效果。首先进行水平16g动态冲击试验，建立相应的数值模型，验证模型有效性；其次通过正交试验设计进行参数研究，揭示头排座椅间距、安全带刚度、隔板刚度、安全带固定点位置对于乘员损伤的影响；最后研究直立式、抱脚式、手顶式3种姿势对于头排乘员的保护效果。结果表明头排座椅间距以及隔板刚度对乘员头部损伤影响显著；头排乘员头部、颈部、股骨、胫骨损伤对安全带材料特性及安全带固定点位置不敏感；抱脚式、手顶式保护姿势均对头排乘员头部有较好的保护效果。在水平冲击下采用头部前倾的抱脚式保护姿势可使头排乘员头部、颈部、股骨及胫骨损伤均小于限定值。
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different parameters and different brace positions on front-row occupant's injury. First of all, the horizontal 16g dynamic impact tests are conducted, and the corresponding multibody models are developed and validated based on the test data. Then parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of seat setback distances, stiffness of bulkhead and seatbelt, and seatbelt anchorage locations on occupant's injury. In addition, this study evaluates the effects of different brace positions on prevention of front-row occupant. Results show that the seat setback distances and stiffness of bulkhead had significant influences on the head injury of occupants. The injury of head, neck, femur, and tibia are not sensitive to the seatbelt material properties and seatbelt anchorage locations. The hand-hold-feet and hand-touch-bulkhead brace positions have good protection on head injury of front-row occupants. The hand-hold-feet brace position with head-forward could limit the injury of head, neck, femur, and tibia for front-row occupant within the limited value under emergency landing.
[1] AIRPLANES B C. Statistical summary of commercial jet airplane accidents:Worldwide operations 1959-2017[R]. Seattle:Aviation Safety, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, 2018.
[2] 中国民用航空局. 应急着陆动力要求:CCAR 25.562[S]. 北京:中国民用航空局, 2011. Civil Aviation Administration of China. Emergency landing dynamic conditions:CCAR 25.562[S]. Beijing:CAAC, 2011(in Chinese).
[3] VENKATESHAPPA H. Analysis of honeycomb core properties under different parametric conditions for the head injury criteria compliance in aerospace applications[D]. Wichita:Wichita State University, 2006:1-8.
[4] Federal Aviation Administration ANM-110. Dynamic evaluation of seat restraint systems and occupant protection on transport airplanes:AC 25.562-1B CHG1[S]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2015.
[5] EMBRAER S A. Use of dynamic simulation for certification and development[R]. Wichita:FAA & National Institute for Aviation Research, 2012.
[6] LANKARANI H, MIRZA M G. Parametric study of crashworthy bulkhead designs:DOT/FAA/AR-02/103[R]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2002.
[7] PRABHU G. Parametric study of head paths and HIC data for aircraft seat and cabin interior certification[D]. Wichita:Wichita State University, 2006:1-22.
[8] Federal Aviation Administration ANM-110. Transport airplane cabin interiors crashworthiness handbook:AC 25-17A[S]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2009.
[9] NAGARAJAN H, MCCOY M, KOSHY C S, et al. Design, fabrication and testing of a component HIC tester for aircraft applications[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2005, 10(5):515-523.
[10] 张维方. 浅析运输类飞机经济舱头排旅客座椅头部损伤判据的影响因素[J]. 民用飞机设计与研究, 2014(3):81-84. ZHANG W F. Effects of head injury criterion on front row passenger seats in economy class for transport aircraft[J]. Civil Aircraft Design and Research, 2014(3):81-84(in Chinese).
[11] 袁鹏. 民用飞机乘员伤害仿真分析研究[D]. 天津:中国民航大学,2014:75-88. YUAN P. Simulation analysis research of civil aircraft occupant injury[D]. Tianjin:Civil Aviation University of China, 2014:75-88(in Chinese).
[12] 林诗远. 飞机侧向座椅乘员损伤与防护方法研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2017:25-31. LIN S Y. The injury prevention of occupant seated in aircraft side-facing seats[D]. Changsha:Hunan University, 2017:25-31(in Chinese).
[13] VIANO D C, PARENTEAU C S, BURNETT R A, et al. Influence of seating position on dummy responses with ABTS seats in severe rear impacts[J]. SAE Technical Papers, 2009, 38(3):369-398.
[14] Federal Aviation Administration AFS-200. Passenger safety information briefing and briefing cards:AC 121-24C[S]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2003.
[15] TAYLOR A M, DEWEESE R, MOORCROFT D M. Effect of passenger position on crash injury risk in transport-category aircraft:DOT/FAA/AM-15/17[R]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2015.
[16] GURDJIAN E S, LISSNER H R, LATIMER F R, et al. Quantitative determination of acceleration and intercranial pressure in experimental head injury, preliminary report[J]. Neurology, 1953, 3(6):417-423.
[17] GURDJIAN E S, ROBERTS V L,THOMAS L M. Tolerance curves of acceleration and intercranial pressure and protective index in experimental head injury[J]. The Journal of Trauma:Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 1966, 6(5):600-604.
[18] DEWEESE R, MOORCROFT D, ABRAMOWITZ A, et al. Civil aircraft side-facing seat research summary:DOT/FAA/AM-12/18[R]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2012.
[19] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Occupant crash protection:FMVSS 208[S]. NHTSA, DOT, 2010.
[20] 中国汽车技术研究中心. 中国新车评价规程:C-NC-AP2018[S]. 天津:中国汽车技术研究中心,2018. China Automotive Technology and Research Center. China new car assessment program:C-NCAP 2018[S]. Tianjin:CATRC, 2018(in Chinese).
[21] SAE Technical Standards Board. Instrumentation for impact test-Part 1-Electronic instrumentation:SAE J211-1[S]. Wichita:SAE International, 2014.
[22] SAE Technical Standards Board. Analytical methods for aircraft seat design and evaluation:SAE ARP 5765A[S]. Wichita:SAE International, 2015.
[23] TNO Automotive. MADYMO theory manual release 7.5[M]. Helmond:TASS International Inc, 2013:309-324.
[24] Federal Aviation Administration AIR-600. Methodology for dynamic seat certification by analysis for use in parts 23, 25, 27, and 29 airplanes and rotorcraft:AC 20-146A[S]. Washington,D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2018.
[25] 赖宇阳, 姜欣. Isight参数优化理论与实例详解[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2012:118-126. LAI Y Y, JIANG X. Isight parameter optimization theory and examples[M]. Beijing:Beihang University Press, 2012:118-126(in Chinese).
[26] QIAN P, TING T S, PENG P Z, et al. Occupant injury risk assessment and protective measures in frontal collision of a bus[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2019, 24(4):429-441.
CJA