针对垂直/短距起降（V/STOL）飞机在有限的甲板上实施滑跑起飞以及离舰后快速、稳定爬升的实际需要，对其整个过程进行操控优化以提升短距起飞性能。建立了反映多推力矢量操纵特性的非线性动力学模型，其中包含了地面效应模型和V/STOL飞机特有的喷气诱导效应模型。分别以舰面滑跑距离最短和离舰后增速时间最短为优化指标，给出了舰面滑跑和离舰初期的预置多推力偏转方案。在此基础上，提出了一种线性自抗扰反演（LADRC-Backstepping）控制方法，以实现对爬升角不确定非仿射系统的有效控制，其中设计了一种辅助补偿系统来拟制控制量的饱和，同时保证了爬升角跟踪误差的有界性；直接利用一种高阶LADRC方法设计了俯仰角控制器，确保了V/STOL飞机最终以稳定的姿态爬升。仿真结果表明，所提出的"二次预置多推力偏转角+爬升角控制+俯仰角控制"的分段优化操控策略，能够较好地提升V/STOL飞机的短距起飞性能，对内部不确定性和外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性，可满足实际飞行任务的需要。
Vertical and/or Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft requires to take off in taxiing on limited decks and to climb rapidly and steadily after departure from the ship. To address this practical need, the whole process is optimized to improve the short take-off performance. A nonlinear dynamic model reflecting the control characteristics of the multi-thrust vectors is established, including the ground effect model and the jet-induced effect model unique to V/STOL aircraft. Taking the shortest taxiing distance and the least acceleration time after departure as the optimization indexes, the pre-set multi-thrust deflection schemes are proposed at taxiing on the deck and at the initial stage of departure. On this basis, an approach combining the Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC) method with backstepping is proposed to effectively control the uncertain non-affine climbing angle system. An auxiliary compensation system is designed to suppress the saturation of the control variable, and the tracking error of the climbing angle is proved to be bounded. Then using a high-order LADRC method, the pitch angle controller is designed to ensure that the V/STOL aircraft can climb ultimately in a stable attitude. Simulation results show that the proposed sectional optimal control strategy of "twice preset multi-thrust deflection angles plus climbing angle control plus pitch angle control" not only can improve the short take-off performance of V/STOL aircraft, but also have strong robustness to internal uncertainties and external disturbances, and thus can cater to the demands of actual flight tasks.
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