螺旋桨滑流对飞机机翼表面流动和尾迹流场有重要的影响，进而改变机翼和飞机的性能。本文通过风洞试验方法开展了螺旋桨滑流对尾迹流场的影响研究。试验模型为后掠角4°、带增升装置的螺旋桨/短舱/机翼模型，试验构型包括襟翼收回和襟翼打开，试验策略是在两种构型下分别同时模拟真实飞行状态的拉力系数和前进比。通过比较有/无螺旋桨时空间尾迹流场的速度场和流动偏角等，分析滑流在尾迹流场中的发展规律和影响范围，研究尾迹流场中滑流的加速效应、下洗和侧洗效应等。结果表明，在滑流作用下，机翼远后方流场参数在机翼展向和垂直方向上均呈现复杂的变化；同时，襟翼收回和襟翼打开构型的滑流效应有明显的区别，影响规律也有所不同。
The slipstream of propeller greatly influences the flows on wings and wakes due to high swirl velocities, and thus alters the performance of the wing and the aircraft. In this paper, the effects of propeller slipstream on the wake flow are investigated using wind tunnel test. The experimental model includes a 6-bladed propeller, a nacelle and a wing with high lift device at the sweep angle of 4°, and two configurations of flap deflection or retraction are tested. The thrust coefficient and advance ratio of two configurations at real flight are simulated at the same time. By comparing the flow velocities and directions at the wake with and without propeller slipstream, the development and influence of slipstream on wake flow are analyzed, and the slipstream effects including accelerating effect, downwash effect and sidewash effect are investigated. The test results show that, under the influence off slipstream, the flow parameters in far wake show complex variation on horizontal and vertical directions; and a clear distinction of the slipstream effects is shown under flap-deflection and retraction configurations.
[1] MANNÉE J. Wind tunnel investigation of the influence of the aircraft configuration on the yawing-and rolling moments of a twin-engined propeller driven aircraft with one engine inoperative:NLL A-1508 B[R]. 1962.
[2] SCHROIJEN M J T, VELDHUIS L L M, SLINGERLAND R. Propeller slipstream investigation using the Fokker F27 wind tunnel model with flaps deflected[C]//ICAS2008, 2008.
[3] KROO I. Propeller/wing integration for minimum induced loss[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1986, 23(7):561-565.
[4] VAN NISPEN A. Slipstream effects on the static lateral and directional control of a multi-engined propeller aircraft with one engine inoperative[D]. Delft:Delft University of Technology, 2002.
[5] RAUHUT P. Modelling of the slipstream effects on the static lateral and directional stability and control of a single engine propeller aircraft[D]. Delft:Delft University of Technology, 2002.
[6] RENOOIJ M. Propeller slipstream effects and wing-fuselage lift carry-over effects on the stability of a single engine propeller airplane[D]. Delft:Delft University of Technology, 2005.
[7] VELDHUIS L L M. Propeller wing aerodynamic interference[D]. Delft:Delft University of Technology, 2005.
[8] SCHROIJEN M J T. Propeller installation effects on lateral stability and control of multi-engine propeller aircraft[D]. Delft:Delft University of Technology, 2006.
[9] SCHROIJEN M J T, SLINGERLAND R. Propeller slipstream effects on directional aircraft control with one engine inoperative:AIAA-2007-1046[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2007.
[10] MUKUND R,CHANDAN K A. Velocity field measurements in the wake of a propeller model[J]. Experiment in Fluids, 2016, 57:154.
[11] Jr COE P L, GENTRY C L, DUNHAM D M. Low speed wind-tunnel tests of an advanced eight-bladed propeller:NASA TM 86364[R]. Washington, D.C.:NASA, 1985.
[12] VAN DEN BORNE P C M, VAN HENGST J. Investigation of propeller slipstream effects on the Fokker 50 through in-flight pressure measurements:AIAA-1990-3064[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 1990.
[13] OHMAN L H, NGUYEN V D, BARBER D J. Probe interference on flow measurements in propeller near slipstream[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1995, 32(4):887-888.
[14] DETERS R W. Performance and slipstream characteristics of small-scale propellers at low Reynolds numbers[D]. Illinois:University of Illinois, 2014.
[15] DETERS R W. Slipstream measurements of small propellers at low Reynolds numbers:AIAA-2015-2265[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2015.
[16] 李征初, 王勋年, 陈洪, 等. 螺旋桨滑流对飞机机翼流场影响试验研究[J]. 流体力学实验与测量,2000, 14(2):44-48. LI Z C, WANG X N, CHEN H, et al. Experimental Research of influenceof propeller slipstream on wing flow field[J]. Experiments and Measurements in Fluid Mechanics, 2000, 14(2):44-48(in Chinese).
[17] STALLA A, GUJ G, DI FELICE F. Propeller wake flowfield analysis by means of LDV phase sampling techniques[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2000, 28:1-10.
[18] COTRONI A, DI FELICE F, ROMANO G P, et al. Investigation of the near wake of a propeller using particle image velocimetry[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2000, 29(S1):227-236.
[19] LEE S J, PAIK B G, YOON J H, et al. Three-component velocity fluid measurements of propeller wake using a stereoscopic PIV technique[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2004, 36:575-585.
[20] FELLI M, DI FELICE F, GUJ G, et al. Analusis of the propeller wake evolution by pressure and velocity phase measurements[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2006, 41:441-451.
[21] FELLI M, GUJ G, CAMUSSI R. Effect of the number of blades on propeller wake evolution[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2008, 44:409-418.
[22] SHKARAYEV S, KURNOSOV V, GOMEZ D. Flow studies around a small propeller in coverting maneuver:AIAA-2017-3742[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2017.
[23] LI Q X, ÖZTÜRK K, SINNIGE T. Design and experimental validation of swirl recovery vanes for propeller propusion systems:AIAA-2017-3571[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2017.
[24] ROOSENBOOM E W M, STÜRMER A, SCHRÜDER A. Advanced experimental and numerical validation and analysis of propeller slipstream flows[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2010, 47(1):284-291.
CJA