燃气轮机涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术研究进展
收稿日期: 2016-12-05
修回日期: 2017-03-25
网络出版日期: 2017-04-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51406039);黑龙江省自然科学基金(QC2016059)
Research progress on turbine blade tip aerodynamics and heat transfer technology for gas turbines
Received date: 2016-12-05
Revised date: 2017-03-25
Online published: 2017-04-10
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51406039);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (QC2016059)
涡轮叶顶间隙泄漏流动对其流道内气动损失、传热状况甚至总体效率都有较为明显的影响,是降低涡轮气热性能的关键因素之一。长期以来,叶顶间隙区域的流动传热机理及其气热控制一直是燃气轮机领域研究的一个热点和难点问题。鉴于此,从叶顶间隙泄漏流动机理及影响因素、间隙泄漏控制方法、叶顶传热冷却机理、影响因素与控制、叶顶间隙气热优化以及过渡态叶顶间隙变化规律及建模与控制等方面对国内外近十年来涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术方面的研究进展进行综述,并简要总结了叶顶间隙泄漏流的常用研究方法,包括流动传热试验与数值计算方法等。最后,对涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术的未来研究重点和发展趋势进行了展望。
高杰 , 郑群 , 岳国强 , 董平 , 姜玉廷 . 燃气轮机涡轮叶顶间隙气热技术研究进展[J]. 航空学报, 2017 , 38(9) : 521019 -521019 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2017.621019
The turbine blade tip leakage flow has significant influences on aerodynamic losses, heat transfer and even overall efficiency of the turbine, and is thus one of the key factors in deteriorating the turbine aerothermal performance. The flow and heat transfer mechanisms and the aerothermal control of the tip leakage have been a hot and difficult issue in the research on gas turbines. The research progresses on turbine blade tip aerodynamics and heat transfer over the past decade are reviewed in five aspects:blade tip leakage flow mechanism and its influencing factors, tip leakage flow control methods, blade tip heat transfer and cooling mechanism, influencing factors and control methods, blade tip aerothermal optimization, and blade tip clearance variation, blade tip modeling and its control at transient operations. Furthermore, the turbine blade tip leakage flow research methods, including flow and heat transfer tests and numerical methods are briefly summarized. The key trends and future research priorities regarding turbine blade tip aerodynamics and heat transfer are presented.
[1] BUNKER R S. Axial turbine blade tips:Function, design, and durability[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2006, 22(2):271-285.
[2] LATTIME S B, STEINETZ B M. High-pressure-turbine clearance control systems:current practices and future directions[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2004, 20(2):302-311.
[3] SJOLANDER S A. Overview of tip-clearance effects in axial turbine:Lecture Series 1997-01, Secondary and Tip-clearance Flows in Axial Turbines[R]. Belgium:von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1997.
[4] BUNKER R S. A review of turbine blade tip heat transfer[J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2001, 934:64-79.
[5] SUNDEN B, XIE G N. Gas turbine blade tip heat transfer and cooling:A literature survey[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2010, 31(7):527-554.
[6] 杨策, 马朝臣, 王延生, 等. 透平机械叶尖间隙流场研究的进展[J]. 力学进展, 2001, 31(1):70-83. YANG C, MA C C, WANG Y S, et al. A review of studies on turbomachinery tip gap leakage flow[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2001, 31(1):70-83(in Chinese).
[7] KEY N L, ARTS T. Comparison of turbine tip leakage flow for flat tip and squealer tip geometries at high-speed conditions[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2006, 128(2):213-220.
[8] STEPHENS J E, CORKE T, MORRIS S C. Turbine blade tip leakage flow control:thick/thin blade effects and separation line studies:GT2008-50705[R]. New York:ASME, 2008.
[9] LEE S W, MOON H S, LEE S E. Tip gap height effects on flow structure and heat/mass transfer over plane tip of a high-turning turbine rotor blade[J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2009, 30(2):198-210.
[10] 高杰, 郑群, 姜玉廷. 涡轮间隙流动结构及其损失产生机理研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2013, 34(10):1833-1837. GAO J, ZHENG Q, JIANG Y T. Investigation on tip clearance flow structure and its loss generation mechanism in turbine rotors[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2013, 34(10):1833-1837(in Chinese).
[11] 杨佃亮, 丰镇平. 非定常叶顶间隙泄漏流动和换热的数值研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2008, 29(8):1307-1310. YANG D L, FENG Z P. Numerical study of the unsteady blade tip leakage flow and heat transfer[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2008, 29(8):1307-1310(in Chinese).
[12] 刘火星, 袁耀, 余弦, 等. 涡轮叶栅尾迹对泄漏流影响的试验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2010, 31(4):581-584. LIU H X, YUAN Y, YU X, et al. The investigation for influence of wake on leakage flow in a turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2010, 31(4):581-584(in Chinese).
[13] VOLINO R J, GALVIN C D, BROWNELL C J. Effects of unsteady wakes on flow through high pressure turbine passages with and without tip gaps:GT2014-27006[R]. New York:ASME, 2014.
[14] BEHR T, KALFAS A I, ABHARI R S. Unsteady flow physics and performance of a one-and-1/2-stage unshrouded high work turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2007, 129(2):348-359.
[15] FARAHANI A S, KERMANI M J. Modeling of tip leakage losses in axial flow turbines:GT2014-25149[R]. New York:ASME, 2014.
[16] 尹协远, 孙德军. 旋涡流动的稳定性[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社, 2003:182-190. YIN X Y, SUN D J. Vortex stability[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press, 2003:182-190(in Chinese).
[17] SELL M, TREIBER M, CASCIARO, et al. Tip-clearance-affected flow fields in a turbine blade row[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:Journal of Power and Energy, 1999, 213(4):309-318.
[18] 李伟, 乔渭阳, 许开富. 涡轮叶尖间隙泄漏涡不稳定性分析[J]. 推进技术, 2008, 29(2):204-207. LI W, QIAO W Y, XU K F. Unsteadiness of tip clearance vortex in turbine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2008, 29(2):204-207(in Chinese).
[19] HUANG A C, GREITZER E M, TAN C S, et al. Blade loading effects on axial turbine tip leakage vortex dynamics and loss[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 135(5):051012.1-051012.11.
[20] 高杰, 郑群, 许天帮, 等. 涡轮间隙泄漏涡破碎对损失的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2014, 35(5):1257-1264. GAO J, ZHENG Q, XU T B, et al. Effect of tip leakage vortex breakdown on loses in turbines[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2014, 35(5):1257-1264(in Chinese).
[21] 高杰, 郑群, 张曦, 等. 涡轮叶顶泄漏涡非定常破碎特性分析[J]. 推进技术, 2016, 37(2):242-249. GAO J, ZHENG Q, ZHANG X, et al. Analysis of unsteady breakdown characteristics of tip leakage vortex in turbines[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2016, 37(2):242-249(in Chinese).
[22] GAO J, ZHENG Q, XU T B, et al. Inlet conditions effect on tip leakage vortex breakdown in unshrouded axial turbines[J]. Energy, 2015, 91:255-263.
[23] GAO J, ZHENG Q, LIU Y N, et al. Effects of blade rotation on axial turbine tip leakage vortex breakdown and loss[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2016, (2016-07-07)[2017-06-16]. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0954410016656879.
[24] GAO J, ZHENG Q, DONG P, et al. Control of tip leakage vortex breakdown by tip injection in unshrouded turbines[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2014, 30(6):1510-1519.
[25] ZHANG Q, HE L. Overtip choking and its implications on turbine blade-tip aerodynamic performance[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2011, 27(5):1008-1014.
[26] WHEELER A P S, SANDBERG R D. Direct numerical simulations of a transonic tip flow with free-stream disturbances:TBTS2013-2037[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[27] 钟芳盼, 周超, 周凯. 跨声速涡轮中两种叶片叶尖泄漏流的气动性能[J]. 航空动力学报, 2013, 28(10):2316-2325. ZHONG F P, ZHOU C, ZHOU K. Aerodynamic performance of tip leakage flow of two different blade tips in transonic turbine[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(10):2316-2325(in Chinese).
[28] LI W, JIANG H M, ZHANG Q, et al. Squealer tip leakage flow characteristics in transonic condition:GT2013-95283[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[29] GAO J, ZHENG Q, NIU X Y, et al. Aerothernal characteristics of a transonic tip flow in a turbine cascade with tip clearance variations[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 107:271-283.
[30] 王大磊, 朴英, 陈美宁. 高压涡轮转子间隙泄漏流动的非定常特征研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2012, 27(11):2569-2576. WANG D L, PIAO Y, CHEN M N. Study of unsteady tip leakage flow characteristics in high pressure turbine stage[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2012, 27(11):2569-2576(in Chinese).
[31] ZHANG Q, HE L, RAWLINSON A. Effects of inlet turbulence and end-wall boundary layer on aero-thermal performance of a transonic turbine blade tip:TBTS2013-2019[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[32] 赵刚, 竺晓程, 何磊, 等. 机匣附面层对涡轮转子叶顶流动及换热的影响[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2014, 48(9):1279-1285. ZHAO G, ZHU X C, HE L, et al. Effects of turbine casing boundary layer on the flow field and heat transfer at tip region of turbine blade[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2014, 48(9):1279-1285(in Chinese).
[33] COULL J D, ATKINS N R. The influence of boundary conditions on tip leakage flow:TBTS2013-2057[J]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[34] PHUTTHAVONG P, HASSAN I. Unsteady numerical investigation of blade tip leakage, Part 2:Time-dependent parametric study[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2008, 22(3):474-484.
[35] SUN H, LI J, FENG Z P. Effects of tip clearance on unsteady flow characteristics in an axial turbine stage:GT2009-59828[R]. New York:ASME, 2009.
[36] 周逊, 韩万金, 王振峰. 间隙尺寸对叶栅气动特性影响的实验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2010, 31(1):44-47. ZHOU X, HAN W J, WANG Z F. Experimental investigation of the effect of the clearance size on aerodynamic characteristic in turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2015, 2010, 31(1):44-47(in Chinese).
[37] O'DOWD, D O, ZHANG Q, USANDIZAGA I, et al. Transonic turbine blade tip aero-thermal performance with different tip gaps:Part Ⅱ:Tip aerodynamic loss:GT2010-22780[R]. New York:ASME, 2010.
[38] 王大磊, 朴英. 叶尖间隙高度对某高压涡轮级损失分布的影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2012, 27(1):169-175. WANG D L, PIAO Y. Influence of tip clearance size on flow losses of a transonic high pressure turbine stage[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2012, 27(1):169-175(in Chinese).
[39] 王大磊, 朴英. 间隙高度对某涡轮叶尖间隙泄漏流影响的研究[J]. 推进技术, 2012, 33(4):566-572. WANG D L, PIAO Y. Influence of tip clearance size on tip clearance flow of a transonic turbine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2012, 33(4):566-572(in Chinese).
[40] KRISHNABABU S K, DAWES W N, HODSON H P, et al. Aerothermal investigations of tip leakage flow in axial flow turbines-Part Ⅱ:Effect of relative casing motion[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2009, 131(1):011007.1-011007.10.
[41] PALAFOX P, OLDFIELD M L G, LAGRAFF J E, et al. PIV maps of tip leakage and secondary flow fields on a low-speed turbine blade cascade with moving end wall[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2008, 130(1):011001.1-011001.9.
[42] VIRDI A S, ZHANG Q, HE L, et al. Aerothermal performance of shroudless turbine blade tips with effects of relative casing motion:TBTS2013-2021[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[43] 牛茂升, 臧述升. 叶片转动对涡轮间隙内部流动影响的数值研究[J]. 力学学报, 2009, 41(5):628-634. NIU M S, ZANG S S. Simulation of effects of blade rotation on tip clearance flow in axial turbines[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2009, 41(5):628-634(in Chinese).
[44] YANG D L, YU X B, FENG Z P. Investigation of leakage flow and heat transfer in a gas turbine blade tip with emphasis on the effect of rotation[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2010, 132(4):041010.1-041010.9.
[45] ACHARYA S, MOREAUX L. Numerical study of the flow past a turbine blade tip:Effect of relative motion between blade and shroud[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(3):031015.1-031015.9.
[46] 周逊, 王振峰, 王祥锋, 等. 冲角变化对涡轮叶栅内间隙流动的影响[J]. 实验流体力学, 2009, 23(3):65-69. ZHOU X, WANG Z F, WANG X F, et al. Effect of different incidences on turbine cascades flow in blade tip clearance[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2009, 23(3):65-69(in Chinese).
[47] BUSKE C, ULLRICH W C, ROEHLE I. Numerical study of incidence angles and gap heights in turbine cascades and rotors on tip clearance losses:GT2013-94872[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[48] 杨佃亮, 丰镇平. 叶顶形状对动叶顶部流动和传热的影响研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2008, 42(5):537-541. YANG D L, FENG Z P. Effect of squealer geometry arrangements on tip leakage flow and heat transfer for turbine blade[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 2008, 42(5):537-541(in Chinese).
[49] YANG D L, FENG Z P. Tip leakage flow and heat transfer predictions for turbine blades:GT2007-27728[R]. New York:ASME, 2007.
[50] LEE S W, CHAE B J. Effects of squealer rim height on aerodynamic losses downstream of a high-turning rotor blade[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2008, 32(8):1440-1447.
[51] 崔涛, 陈绍文, 周治华, 等. 深凹槽式涡轮叶顶间隙泄漏直列叶栅实验研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2015, 36(9):1902-1906. CUI T, CHEN S W, ZHOU Z H, et al. Experimental research on deep double squealer tip clearance leakage flow in linear turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2015, 36(9):1902-1906(in Chinese).
[52] JUNG, J S, KWON O, SON C M. An investigation on aerodynamic loss mechanism of squealer tips of a high pressure turbine blade using URANS:GT2016-57313[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[53] LEE S E, LEE S W, KWAK H S. Tip leakage aerodynamics over stepped squealer tips in a turbine cascade[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2011, 35(1):135-145.
[54] PRAKASH C, LEE C P, CHERRY D G, et al. Analysis of some improved blade tip concepts[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2006, 128(4):639-642.
[55] 李伟, 乔渭阳, 许开富, 等. 一种改进的轴流涡轮叶尖对泄漏流影响的数值研究[J]. 航空学报, 2008, 29(5):1125-1132. LI W, QIAO W Y, XU K F, et al. Numerical study of influence on tip leakage flow in axial turbine with an improved tip[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2008, 29(5):1125-1132(in Chinese).
[56] MISCHO B, BEHR T, ABHARI R S. Flow physics and profiling of recessed blade tips:impact on performance and heat load[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2008, 130(2):021008.1-021008.8.
[57] MISCHO B, BURDET A, ABHARI R S. Influence of stator-rotor interaction on the aerothermal performance of recess blade tips[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 133(1):011023.1-011023.11.
[58] LOMAKIN N, GRANOVSKIY A, BELKANOV V, et al. Effect of common blade tip squealer designs in terms of tip clearance loss control:TBTS2013-2040[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[59] LOMAKIN N, GRANOVSKIY A, SHCHAULOV V, et al. Effect of various tip clearance squealer design on turbine stage efficiency:GT2015-42726[R]. New York:ASME, 2015.
[60] EL-GHANDOUR M, MORI K, NAKAMURA Y. Desensitization of tip clearance effects in axial flow turbines[J]. Journal of Fluid Science and Technology, 2010, 5(2):317-330.
[61] 高杰, 郑群. 叶顶凹槽形态对动叶气动性能的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2013, 34(2):218-226. GAO J, ZHENG Q. Effect of squealer tip geometry on rotor blade aerodynamic performance[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2013, 34(2):218-226(in Chinese).
[62] KUSTERER K, MORITZ N, BOHN D, et al. Reduction of tip clearance losses in an axial turbine by shaped design of the blade tip region:GT2007-27303[R]. New York:ASME, 2007.
[63] SCHABOWSKI Z, HODSON H. The reduction of over tip leakage loss in unshrouded axial turbines using winglets and squealers[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(4):041001.1-041001.11.
[64] ZHOU C, HODSON H, TIBBOTT I, et al. Effects of winglet geometry on the aerodynamic performance of tip leakage flow in a turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 135(5):051009.1-051009.10.
[65] SHAVALIKUL A, CAMCI C. A comparative analysis of pressure side extensions for tip leakage control in axial turbines:GT2008-50782[R]. New York:ASME, 2008.
[66] 王大磊, 邵伏永, 郭昊雁, 等. 翼梢小翼对涡轮间隙泄漏流动影响的数值研究[J]. 推进技术, 2014, 35(3):341-346. WANG D L, SHAO F Y, GUO H Y, et al. Study of tip winglets on leakage flow in a transonic turbine stage[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014, 35(3):341-346(in Chinese).
[67] ZHOU K, ZHOU C. Unsteady aerodynamics of a flat tip and a winglet tip in a high-pressure turbine:GT2016-56845[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[68] ZHOU C, ZHONG F P. A novel suction side winglet design method for high pressure turbine rotor tips:GT2016-56218[J]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[69] ROLLS-ROYCE. Turbines. http://www.rolls-royce.com/about/our-technology/gas-turbine-technology/turbines.aspx. 2016.
[70] AHMED S, MASUD J. Effect of casing recess and tip clearance on the efficiency of high pressure turbine stage with contoured endwall NGV:AIAA-2009-0512[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2009.
[71] GAO J, ZHENG Q, YUE G Q. Reduction of tip clearance losses in an unshrouded turbine by rotor-casing contouring[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2012, 28(5):936-945.
[72] 查小晖, 郑群, 高杰, 等. 弧形端壁造型对不带冠涡轮气动性能的影响[J]. 推进技术, 2014, 35(6):779-787. ZHA X H, ZHENG Q, GAO J, et al. Effects of arcing endwall contouring on aerodynamic performance of an unshrouded axial turbine[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014, 35(6):779-787(in Chinese).
[73] WEI Z J, QIAO W Y, SHI P J, et al. Tip-leakage flow loss reduction in a two-stage turbine using axisymmetric-casing contouring[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2014, 27(5):1111-1121.
[74] 魏佐君, 乔渭阳, 时培杰, 等. 机匣造型设计对涡轮叶尖泄漏流损失的影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2015, 30(3):714-725. WEI Z J, QIAO W Y, SHI P J, et al. Effect of contoured casing design on tip-leakage loss in a turbine[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2015, 30(3):714-725(in Chinese).
[75] NHO Y C, PARK J S, LEE Y J, et al. Effects of turbine blade tip shape on total pressure loss and secondary flow of a linear turbine cascade[J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2012, 33(1):92-100.
[76] PARK J S, LEE S H, KWAK J S, et al. Measurement of blade tip heat transfer and leakage flow in a turbine cascade with a multi-cavity squealer tip:TBTS2013-2072[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[77] VOLINO R J. Experiments with a new ribbed blade tip and endwall geometry on a high pressure turbine blade:GT2015-44065[R]. New York:ASME, 2015.
[78] 高杰, 郑群, 姜斌, 等. 一种包括叶顶带有孔窝的动叶片的涡轮:ZL103422912A[P]. 2015-04-08. GAO J, ZHENG Q, JIANG B, et al. A turbine comprising a rotor blade with a series of holes onto the tip:ZL103422912A[P]. 2015-04-08(in Chinese).
[79] FU Y F, CHEN F, CHEN C, et al. Numerical study of the effect of honeycomb tip on tip leakage flow in turbine cascade:GT2016-56907[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[80] 李文, 董平, 陈海生, 等. 叶顶射流对涡轮流场及气动性能影响[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2011, 32(10):1665-1668. LI W, DONG P, CHEN H S, et al. Effects of tip injection on turbine flow field and aerodynamic performance[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2011, 32(10):1665-1668(in Chinese).
[81] GAO J, ZHENG Q, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Aero-thermal performance improvements of unshrouded turbines through management of tip leakage and injection flows[J]. Energy, 2014, 69:648-660.
[82] LI W, QIAO W Y, XU K F, et al. Numerical simulation of active control on tip leakage flow in axial turbine[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2009, 22(2):129-137.
[83] NIU M S, ZANG S S. Experimental and numerical investigations of tip injection on tip clearance flow in an axial turbine cascade[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2011, 35(6):1214-1222.
[84] CHEN S W, ZHOU Z H, CUI T, et al. Effects of tip injection on tip clearance flow in a low-pressure turbine stator cascade:GT2014-25185[R]. New York:ASME, 2014.
[85] NIU M S, ZANG S S. Numerical investigation of active tip-clearance control through tip cooling injection in axial turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2009, 18(4):306-312.
[86] NIU M S, ZANG S S. Parametric study of tip cooling injection in an axial turbine cascade:Influences of injection circumferential angle[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:Journal of Power and Energy, 2010, 224(1):109-118.
[87] VOLINO R J. Control of tip leakage in a high pressure turbine cascade using tip blowing:GT2016-56511[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[88] ZHOU C, HODSON H. The tip leakage flow of an unshrouded high pressure turbine blade with tip cooling[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 133(4):041028.1-041028.12.
[89] WHEELER A P S, SALEH Z. Effect of cooling injection on transonic tip flows[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2013, 29(6):1374-1381.
[90] LEDEZMA G A, ALLEN J, BUNKER R S. An experimental and numerical investigation into the effects of squealer blade tip modifications on aerodynamic performance:TBTS2013-2004[J]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[91] HOFER T, ARTS T. Aerodynamic investigation of the tip leakage flow for blades with different tip squealer geometries at transonic conditions:GT2009-59909[R]. New York:ASME, 2009.
[92] NIU M S, ZANG S S. Influence of tip cooling injection on tip clearance control at design and off-design incidences[J]. International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2009, 2009(160423):1-12.
[93] MERCAN B, DOGAN E, OSTOVAN Y, et al. Experimental investigation of the effects of waveform tip injection in a low pressure turbine cascade:GT2012-69316[R]. New York:ASME, 2012.
[94] GAO J, ZHENG Q, LIU Y N, et al. Reduction of turbine tip clearance losses at design and off-design incidences by non-uniform tip injection[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:Journal of Power and Energy, 2014, 228(8):889-902.
[95] BEHR T, KALFAS A I, ABHARI R S. Control of rotor tip leakage through cooling injection from the casing in a high-work turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2008, 130(3):031014.1-031014.12.
[96] 牛茂升, 臧述升. 机匣喷气位置对涡轮间隙流动控制的影响[J]. 推进技术, 2009, 30(5):594-598. NIU M S, ZANG S S. Effects of casing air injection position on controlling tip clearance flow in axial turbines[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2009, 30(5):594-598(in Chinese).
[97] MATSUNUMA T, SEGAWA T. Active tip clearance flow control for an axial-flow turbine rotor using ring-type plasma actuators:GT2014-26390[R]. New York:ASME, 2014.
[98] TAYLOR S C, STEINETZ B M, OSWALD J J. Further characterization of an active clearance control concept:AIAA-2007-5739[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2007.
[99] 曹传军, 黄国平, 夏晨. 一种减小涡轮叶尖泄漏流的方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011, 26(1):99-107. CAO C J, HUANG G P, XIA C. Method for reducing tip clearance leakage of turbine[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011, 26(1):99-107(in Chinese).
[100] HAMIK M, WILLINGER R. An innovative passive tip-leakage control method for axial turbines:linear cascade wind tunnel results:GT2008-50056[R]. New York:ASME, 2008.
[101] 胡建军, 孔祥东, 徐进良. 间隙高度对自发射流抑制叶尖泄漏的影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2013, 28(7):1510-1516. HU J J, KONG X D, XU J L. Effect of clearance height on tip leakage reduced by spontaneous tip injection[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(7):1510-1516(in Chinese).
[102] 魏明, 高杰, 付维亮, 等. 涡轮叶顶间隙自适应控制的研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(9):1921-1929. WEI M, GAO J, FU W L, et al. Study of the adaptive tip clearance control in turbines[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(9):1921-1929(in Chinese).
[103] JUSTAK J F, DOUX C. Self-acting clearance control for turbine blade outer air seals:GT2009-59683[R]. New York:ASME, 2009.
[104] 杨家礼, 涂孟罴, 张亿力. 一种涡轮叶尖间隙控制技术[J]. 航空动力学报, 2014, 29(9):2195-2201. YANG J L, TU M P, ZHANG Y L. A tip clearance control technology for turbine[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(9):2195-2201(in Chinese).
[105] NEWTON P J, LOCK G D, KRISHNABABU S K, et al. Heat transfer and aerodynamics of turbine blade tips in a linear cascade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2006, 128(2):300-309.
[106] KRISHNABABU S K, HODSON H P, BOOTH G D, et al. Aerothermal investigation of tip leakage flow in a film cooled industrial turbine rotor[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2010, 132(2):021016.1-021016.9.
[107] ARISI A, XUE S, NG W F, et al. Numerical investigation of aerothermal characteristics of the blade tip and near-tip regions of a transonic turbine blade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2015, 137(9):091002.1-091002.12.
[108] AMERI A A, RIGBY D L, STEINTHORSSON E, et al. Unsteady analysis of blade and tip heat transfer as influenced by the upstream momentum and thermal wakes[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2010, 132(4):041007.1-041007.7.
[109] RAHMAN M H, KIM S I, HASSAN I, et al. Unsteady tip leakage flow characteristics and heat transfer on turbine blade tip and casing:GT2010-22104[R]. New York:ASME, 2010.
[110] KRISHNABABU S K, NEWTON P J, DAWES W N, et al. Aerothermal investigations of tip leakage flow in axial flow turbines-Part I:Effect of tip geometry and tip clearance gap[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2009, 131(1):011006.1-011006.14.
[111] PARK J S, LEE D H, RHEE D H, et al. Heat transfer and effectiveness on the film cooled tip and inner rim surfaces of a turbine blade:GT2010-23203[R]. New York:ASME, 2010.
[112] ACHARYA S, KRAMER G, MOREAUX L, et al. Squealer tip heat transfer with film cooling:GT2010-23688[R]. New York:ASME, 2010.
[113] 杜昆, 宋立明, 李军. 凹槽状叶顶涡轮叶片传热特性的数值研究[J]. 推进技术, 2014, 35(5):618-623. DU K, SONG L M, LI J. Numerical investigations on heat transfer characteristics of turbine blade with squealer tip[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014, 35(5):618-623(in Chinese).
[114] DU K, LI Z G, LI J. Numerical investigation of the blade tip and overtip casing aerothermal performance in a high pressure turbine stage:GT2016-56709[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[115] NAIK S, GEORGAKIS C, HOFER T, et al. Heat transfer and film cooling of blade tips and endwalls[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 134(4):041004.1-041004.11.
[116] MHETRAS S, NARZARY D, GAO Z H, et al. Effect of a cutback squealer and cavity depth on film-cooling effectiveness on a gas turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2008, 130(2):021002.1-021002.13.
[117] WANG J, SUNDEN B, ZENG M, et al. Influence of different rim widths and blowing ratios on film cooling characteristics for a blade tip[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2012, 134(6):061701.1-061701.8.
[118] 韩昌, 任静, 蒋洪德. 多参数对叶顶气膜冷却的影响[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2012, 33(9):1501-1504. HAN C, REN J, JIANG H D. Multi-parameter influence on film cooling of blade tip[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012, 33(9):1501-1504(in Chinese).
[119] 王文三, 唐菲, 赵庆军, 等. 涡轮叶顶冷却布置对叶顶传热冷却性能的影响[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2012, 33(3):393-396. WANG W S, TANG F, ZHAO Q J, et al. Effects of different cooling holes arrangements on film cooling performance of a gas turbine blade tip[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2012, 33(3):393-396(in Chinese).
[120] NEWTON P J, LOCK G D, KRISHNABABU S K, et al. Aerothermal investigations of tip leakage flow in axial flow turbines-part Ⅲ:Tip cooling[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2009, 131(1):011008.1-011008.12.
[121] ZHOU C, HODSON H, LOCK G. Thermal performance of cooled tips in a high-pressure turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2012, 28(5):900-911.
[122] ZHOU C, HODSON H, TIBBOTT I, et al. The aerothermal performance of a cooled winglet tip in a high pressure turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 135(3):031005.1-031005.10.
[123] TAMUNOBERE O, ACHARYA S. Turbine blade tip cooling with blade rotation-part Ⅱ:shroud coolant injection[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2016, 138(9):091003.1-091003.8.
[124] LU K, SCHOBEIRI M T, HAN J C. Numerical simulation of film cooling on rotating blade tips within a high-pressure turbine:GT2013-94806[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[125] TAMUNOBERE O, ACHARYA S. Turbine blade tip film cooling with blade rotation-Part I:Tip and pressure side coolant injection[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2016, 138(9):091002.1-091002.8.
[126] WHEELER A P S, ATKINS N R, HE L. Turbine blade tip heat transfer in low speed and high speed flows[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 133(4):041025.1-041025.9.
[127] ZHANG Q, O'DOWD D O, HE L, et al. Overtip shock wave structure and its impact on turbine blade tip heat transfer[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 133(4):041001.1-041001.8.
[128] ATKINS N R, THORPE S J, AINSWORTH R W. Unsteady effects on transonic turbine blade-tip heat transfer[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2012, 134(6):061002.1-061002.11.
[129] SHYAM V, AMERI A, CHEN J P. Analysis of unsteady tip and endwall heat transfer in a highly loaded transonic turbine stage[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2012, 134(4):041022.1-041022.9.
[130] ZHANG X, YANG Z, TIAN S Q, et al. Numerical study of the film cooling with discrete-hole arrangement on a cut back squealer blade tip:GT2015-43877[R]. New York:ASME, 2015.
[131] O'DOWD D O, ZHANG Q, HE L, et al. Aerothermal performance of a winglet at engine representative Mach and Reynolds numbers[J]. Journal of Turbomahinery, 2011, 133(4):041026.1-041026.8.
[132] ZHONG F P, ZHOU C, MA H, et al. Heat transfer of winglet tips in a transonic turbine cascade:GT2016-56804[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[133] 周凯, 周超, 钟芳盼. 跨声速条件下气膜冷却对平面叶尖流动和传热特性的影响[J]. 航空动力学报, 2013, 28(11):2440-2447. ZHOU K, ZHOU C, ZHONG F P. Aerothermal performance of tip leakage flow of a cooled flat tip under transonic conditions[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(11):2440-2447 (in Chinese).
[134] WANG Z, ZHANG Q, LIU Y, et al. Impact of cooling injection on transonic over-tip leakage flow and squealer aerothermal design optimization[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015, 137(6):062603.1-062603.7.
[135] MA H, ZHANG Q, HE L, et al. Cooling injection effect on a transonic squealer tip-part 1:experimental heat transfer results and CFD validation:GT2016-57579[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[136] ARISI A, PHILLIPS J, NG W F, et al. An experimental and numerical study on the aerothermal characteristics of a ribbed transonic squealer-tip turbine blade with purge flow[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2016, 138(10):101007.1-101007.11.
[137] RAHMAN M H, KIM S I, HASSAN I. Effects of inlet temperature uniformity and nonuniformity on the tip leakage flow and rotor blade tip and casing heat transfer characteristics[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2012, 134(2):021001.1-021001.10.
[138] LIU Z F, LIU Z, FENG Z P. Unsteady analysis on the effects of tip clearance height on hot streak migration across rotor blade tip clearance[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2014, 136(8):082605.1-082605.11.
[139] LIU Z F, WANG Z D, FENG Z P. Effects of inlet swirl on hot streak migration across tip clearance and heat transfer on rotor blade tip:GT2015-42625[R]. New York:ASME, 2015.
[140] ANTO K, XUE S, NG W F, et al. Effects of tip clearance gap and exit Mach number on turbine blade tip and near-tip heat transfer:GT2013-94345[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[141] ZHANG Q, O'DOWD D O, HE L, et al. Transonic turbine blade tip aerothermal performance with different tip gaps-Part I:Tip heat transfer[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 133(4):041027.1-041027.9.
[142] 杜昆, 李军. 跨声速涡轮叶顶间隙流动传热特性的数值研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(4):147-152. DU K, LI J. Numerical investigations on flow and heat transfer characteristics of transonic turbine blade tips[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(4):147-152 (in Chinese).
[143] ZHOU C, HODSON H, TIBBOTT I, et al. Effects of endwall motion on the aero-thermal performance of a winglet tip in a HP turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2012, 134(6):061036.1-061036.12.
[144] ZHANG D H, ZENG M, WANG Q W. The influence of rotating speed on film cooling characteristics on GE-E3 blade tip with different tip configurations:GT2009-60295[R]. New York:ASME, 2009.
[145] REZASOLTANI M, LU K, SCHOBEIRI M T, et al. A combined experimental and numerical study of the turbine blade tip film cooling effectiveness under rotation condition[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2015, 137(5):051009.1-051009.12.
[146] GAO Z H, NARZARY D, MHETRAS S, et al. Effect of inlet flow angle on gas turbine blade tip film cooling[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2009, 131(3):031005.1-031005.12.
[147] SHYAM V, AMERI A. Comparison of various supersonic turbine tip designs to minimize aerodynamic loss and tip heating:GT2011-46390[R]. New York:ASME, 2011.
[148] MAESSCHALCK C D, LAVAGNOLI S, PANIAGUA G. Blade tip carving effects on the aerothermal performance of a transonic turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2015, 137(2):021005.1-021005.10.
[149] ZHANG Q, HE L. Tip-shaping for HP turbine blade aerothermal performance management[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 135(5):051025.1-051025.7.
[150] THOMAS G A, ATKINS N R, THORPE S J, et al. The effect of a casing step on the over-tip aerothermodynamics of a transonic HP turbine stage:GT2007-2780[R]. New York:ASME, 2007.
[151] MAESSCHALCK C D, LAVAGNOLI S, PANIAGUA G, et al. Aerothermodynamics of tight rotor tip clearance flows in high-speed unshrouded turbines[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 65(1-2):343-351.
[152] 岂兴明, 朴英. 涡轮叶顶间隙形态的优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2009, 39(4):874-879. QI X M, PIAO Y. Optimization design of turbine blade tip clearance shapes[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2009, 39(4):874-879 (in Chinese).
[153] KANG Y S, RHEE D H, KIM C T, et al. Aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine tip cavity with approximation model:TBTS2013-2079[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[154] BUCCHIERI G, GALBIATI M, COUTANDIN D, et al. Optimisation techniques applied to the design of gas turbine blades cooling systems:GT2006-90771[J]. New York:ASME, 2006.
[155] DAWES W N, KELLAR W P, RICHARDSON G A. Application of topology-free optimization to manage cooled turbine tip heat load:GT2009-59817[R]. New York:ASME, 2009.
[156] MARAL H, SENEL C B, KAVURMACIOGLU L. A parametric and computational aerothermal investigation of squealer tip geometry in an axial turbine:A parametric approach suitable for future advanced tip carving optimizations:GT2016-58107[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[157] MAESSCHALCK C D, LAVAGNOLI S, PANIAGUA G. Blade tip shape optimization for enhanced turbine aerothermal performance[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2013, 136(4):041016.1-041016.11.
[158] MAESSCHALCK C D, LAVAGNOLI S, PANIAGUA G, et al. Heterogeneous optimization strategies for carved and squealer-like turbine blade tips[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2016, 138(12):121011.1-121011.12.
[159] SCHABOWSKI Z, HODSON H, GIACCHE D, et al. Aeromechanical optimization of a winglet-squealer tip for an axial turbine[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2014, 136(7):071004.1-071004.12.
[160] 刘永葆, 房友龙. 燃气轮机高压涡轮叶顶间隙变化规律的有限元分析[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2011, 6(6):78-82. LIU Y B, FANG Y L. The finite element analysis for HPT blade tip clearance variation of gas turbine[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2011, 6(6):78-82 (in Chinese).
[161] 胡延青, 申秀丽. 航空发动机叶尖径向间隙研究进展综述[J]. 航空发动机, 2014, 40(1):60-67. HU Y Q, SHEN X L. Overview on aeroengine radial tip clearance[J]. Aeroengine, 2014, 40(1):60-67 (in Chinese).
[162] 贾丙辉, 张小栋, 彭凯. 机动飞行下的涡轮叶尖间隙动态变化规律[J]. 航空动力学报, 2011, 26(12):2757-2764. JIA B H, ZHANG X D, PENG K. Dynamic changes rule of aero-engine turbine tip clearance in maneuver flight[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011, 26(12):2757
[163] 周骁, 张海波, 王继强, 等. 考虑主动间隙控制的涡轮叶尖间隙建模计算研究[J]. 推进技术, 2015, 36(7):1093-1102. ZHOU X, ZHANG H B, WANG J Q, et al. Research on turbine tip clearance modeling considering active tip clearance control[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2015, 36(7):1093-1102(in Chinese).
[164] 杨晓光, 黄佳. 采用改进减缩模型的涡轮叶尖间隙快速分析方法[J]. 航空动力学报, 2012, 27(9):2048-2055. YANG X G, HUANG J. Modified reduced model for rapid analysis of tip clearance of high pressure turbine[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2012, 27(9):2048-2055(in Chinese).
[165] 费成巍, 付黎. 高压涡轮叶尖径向运行间隙非线性动态分析[J]. 航空发动机, 2013, 39(1):38-42. FEI C W, FU L. Nonlinear and dynamic analysis of HPT blade-tip radial running clearance[J]. Aeroengine, 2013, 39(1):38-42(in Chinese).
[166] 费成巍, 白广忱. 基于DCRSM的HPT叶尖径向运行间隙可靠性分析[J]. 航空学报, 2013, 34(9):2141-2149. FEI C W, BAI G C. Reliability analysis for HPT blade-tip radial running clearance based on DCRSM[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2013, 34(9):2141-2149(in Chinese).
[167] 张井山, 毛军逵, 李毅, 等. 高压涡轮主动间隙控制机匣内部换热特性试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2014, 29(2):298-304. ZHANG J S, MAO J K, LI Y, et al. Experiment on heat transfer characteristics inside the casing of high pressure turbine with active clearance control[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2014, 29(2):298-304(in Chinese).
[168] 姜远刚, 毛军逵, 李毅, 等. 间隙主动控制系统中冷却空气管换热特性实验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2014, 35(3):365-371. JIANG Y G, MAO J K, LI Y, et al. Experimental studies on heat transfer characteristics in air cooling pipe of turbine tip clearance control system[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014, 35(3):365-371(in Chinese).
[169] CHOI M, DYRDA D M, GILLESPIE D R H, et al. The relative performance of external casing impingement cooling arrangements for thermal control of blade tip clearance[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2016, 138(3):031005.1-031005.12.
[170] TAMUNOBERE O, DREWES C, ACHARYA S. Heat transfer to an actively cooled shroud with blade rotation[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2015, 7(4):041020.1-041020.14.
[171] LAVAGNOLI S, MAESSCHALCK C D, ANDREOLI V. Design considerations for tip clearance control and measurement on a turbine rainbow rotor with multiple blade tip geometries[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2016, 139(4):042603.1-042603.10.
[172] 高杰, 郑群, 刘云宁, 等. 涡轮叶片叶顶间隙变化减敏研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2015, 30(11):2638-2646. GAO J, ZHENG Q, LIU Y N, et al. Investigations on desensitization of blade tip clearance variation in turbine blades[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2015, 30(11):2638-2646(in Chinese).
[173] 石宝龙, 岂兴明, 矫津毅, 等. 二次流与叶顶间隙损失的数值研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2009, 24(5):1096-1100. SHI B L, QI X M, JIAO J Y, et al. Numerical analysis of the secondary flow and tip clearance leakage loss[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2009, 24(5):1096-1100(in Chinese).
[174] GAO J, ZHENG Q, LI Y J, et al. Effect of axially non-uniform rotor tip clearance on aerodynamic performance of an unshrouded axial turbine[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:Journal of Power and Energy, 2011, 226(2):231-244.
[175] LI W, QIAO W Y, SUN D W. Tip clearance flows in turbine cascades[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2008, 21(3):193-199.
[176] FISCHER A, KONIG J, CZARSKE J, et al. Investigation of the tip leakage flow at turbine rotor blades with squealer cavity[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2013, 54(2):1462-1476.
[177] TELOXA J, NARZARY D, SIERRA F Z, et al. Measurement and modelling of blade tip cooling in gas turbines:GT2013-94812[J]. New York:ASME, 2013.
[178] O'DOWD D O, ZHANG Q, HE L, et al. Comparison of heat transfer measurement techniques on a transonic turbine blade tip[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2011, 133(2):021028.1-021028.10.
[179] MOLTER S M, DUNN M G, HALDEMAN C W, et al. Heat-flux measurements and predictions for the blade tip region of a high-pressure turbine:GT2006-90048[R]. New York:ASME, 2006.
[180] 王志多, 刘兆方, 丰镇平. 不同湍流模型对燃气透平静叶及动叶叶顶传热预测精度的研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2015, 36(9):1894-1897. WANG Z D, LIU Z F, FENG Z P. Prediction of heat transfer on gas turbine stator and rotor blade tip by using different turbulence models[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2015, 36(9):1894-1897(in Chinese).
[181] ZHANG Q, HE L. Impact of wall temperature on turbine blade tip aero-thermal performance[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2014, 136(5):052602.1-052602.9.
[182] CALONI S, SHAHPAR S. Investigation into coupling techniques for a high pressure turbine blade tip:GT2015-43292[R]. New York:ASME, 2015.
[183] CALONI S, SHAHPAR S. Multi-disciplinary analyses for the design of a high pressure turbine blade tip:GT2016-57794[R]. New York:ASME, 2016.
[184] YOU D, MITTAL R, WANG M, et al. Computational methodology for large-eddy simulation of tip-clearance flows[J]. AIAA Journal, 2004, 42(2):271-279.
[185] WHEELER A P S, SANDBERG R D. Direct numerical simulation of a transonic tip flow with free-stream disturbances:TBTS2013-2037[R]. New York:ASME, 2013.
/
〈 | 〉 |