为了结合数值模拟得到鸟撞过程中的鸟体本构模型参数,对鸟撞平板进行了试验研究。鸟体质量分别为1.8 kg和3.6 kg,平板材料采用厚度为10 mm和14 mm的 LY12铝合金和厚度为4.5 mm和8.0 mm 的45#钢,鸟体撞击速度为70、120、170 m/s,共进行了16组鸟撞试验。采用动态数据采集系统获得了鸟撞过程中平板的位移和应变及撞击支反力等物理量的时间历程数据,运用高速摄像系统记录了鸟撞平板动响应变形的全过程。试验结果表明:每组两次试验从撞击速度到试验结果重复性均很好;鸟撞作用时间为ms量级,属冲击动力学行为,且鸟体与平板之间存在强烈的耦合作用;平板变形较大,中心点最大位移是平板厚度的7.9倍;撞击速度越高,鸟体的流体特性越明显。
In order to obtain the mechanical parameters of the bird during the process of bird striking, numerical simulations and experiments of bird striking on plate are studied in the paper. The bird mass is 1.8 kg and 3.6 kg respectively, and the plate is made by LY12 aluminium alloy with the thickness of 10 mm and 14 mm and 45# steel with the thickness of 4.5 mm and 8.0 mm. Sixteen groups of experiments are performed in the present paper with the bird velocity at 70,120,170 m/s, respectively. The histories of displacement-time and strain-time of plate as well as the force-time are measured by the dynamic data acquisition system, and the whole process of dynamic response during bird striking on plate is recorded by high-speed camera system. The results of the experiments indicate that the repeatability of the impacting velocities and the measured results for twice experiments in one group are very good. The reaction time of bird striking is millisecond, so its behavior belongs to impact dynamics; there exists strong coupling between the bird and the plate. The deformation of the plate is very big and the ratio of the plate displacement at the center point to the plate thickness is 7.9. The fluid behavior of the bird is obvious with the increment of the impacting velocity.
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