随着数字信号处理技术的发展,基于声传感器阵列的经典波束形成算法广泛地应用于航空气动噪声检测领域中。但是,经典算法计算量大,并且它的算法结构决定了其无法用作实时算法。本文给出了一种基于状态观测器理论的新算法,介绍了观测器算法的理论背景、算法稳定性的证明、麦克风阵列的设计准则以及基于阵列进行的仿真结果。这种新算法在形式上类似于控制理论中的状态观测器,并且在频域对采集到的数据进行迭代运算。对理想的单点噪声源的仿真以及对消声室中起落架模型进行的试验结果验证了该算法的正确性与实用性。相比经典算法,该算法不仅具有实时处理的能力,也能迭代地消除由测试环境引起的各种误差。

Aeroacoustic array is an important testing tool in noise identification for industry applications. However, due to its extensive computational requirements the typical beamforming has to be conducted off-line and is therefore not capable of real-time processing. An alternative algorithm in the form of a state observer is proposed to solve the problem. The theoretical background of this algorithm, derivation of its stability, array construction methods as well as experimental results based on the array are discussed in this study. The algorithm has a form similar to a classical state observer and the array processing is performed in the frequency domain. An ideal single-point noise source and a landing gear model tests both confirm the validity and effectiveness of this algorithm. This observer-based algorithm can be conducted recursively over each sampling, thus possessing real-time capability. It can also be quite useful in experiments by observing any potential test defects on site.