摘要： 代表国家科技实力的空间站、空间望远镜、大型通信天线、空间太阳能电站、在轨燃料补给站、深空探测中转站及地外基地等空间大型平台和基础设施的建设需求日益迫切，如何对此进行智能自主建造是当前的巨大技术挑战。鉴于大型平台与基础设施在未来空间探索中的重要性，国内外航天研究机构均提出并发展了在轨装配的系列技术方案。本文主要对在轨装配研究现状和技术发展情况进行系统地综述。首先分析了有人与无人在轨装配的国内外技术进展，总结了在轨装配技术的发展路线、装配层次与方法；然后在此基础上，详细梳理了在轨装配的技术需求和应用前景，并得出在轨装配的使能关键技术——模块化技术、机器人技术和地面模拟装配技术，预期为中国未来的空间在轨装配研究提供有益的参考。

关键词: 在轨装配, 空间机器人, 桁架结构, 模块化技术, 地面装配验证

Abstract: The construction demands for large space platforms and infrastructures such as space stations, space telescopes, large communication antennas, space solar power stations, in-orbit supply stations, deep space exploration stations and extraterrestrial bases, which represent national scientific and technological capability, are constantly increasing. The autonomous construction of these projects in space remains a huge challenging task. Since large space infrastructures play a significant role in future space exploration missions, various investigations have been performed by different space agencies to cope with this issue. This paper presents an overview of in-space assembly studies, systematically summarizing the research status and technological development of in-orbit assembly. The technological progress of manned and unmanned in-orbit assembly is first analyzed, and the development roadmap, assembly levels and methods of in-orbit assembly technology summarized. On this basis, the technical requirements for and application prospects of in-orbit assembly are sorted out, and the key enabling technologies of in-orbit assembly—the modular technology, robotic technology and ground simulation assembly technology are concluded, which are expected to provide useful reference for the future research of space in-orbit assembly.

Key words: in-orbit assembly, space robots, truss structure, modular technology, ground assembly verification

中图分类号: 

• V448.2