ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA >
Dynamic soaring performance of albatross-inspired morphing wing
Received date: 2024-04-23
Revised date: 2024-05-13
Accepted date: 2024-06-06
Online published: 2024-06-07
Supported by
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010774);Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2024037)
Albatrosses can achieve long-distance migrations without flapping their wings by utilizing the horizontal wind gradient above the sea. Their gliding mode is known as dynamic soaring， which has great potential in improving the range， endurance， and wind resistance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles （UAVs）. However， current UAVs are suffering from low energy harvesting efficiency， which hinders the full realization of the advantages of dynamic soaring， and poses a bottleneck for UAV applications. This paper aims to address the problem of UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency. Based on the results of previous research on wing morphing， research on the albatross-inspired morphing wing is conducted to analyze the impact of wing morphing on the characteristics of dynamic soaring energy harvesting. An albatross-inspired morphing wing is designed， and its aerodynamic performance and morphing modes are simulated. An aerodynamic surrogate model and trajectory optimization are used to investigate the influence of wing morphing on dynamic soaring trajectories and energy harvesting efficiency， as well as to analyze the underlying mechanisms of wing morphing. The results show that wing morphing increases the endurance of UAV dynamic soaring by 12.7%， and improves the overall energy harvesting efficiency by over 16.8%. The UAV can choose the corresponding wing morphing pattern in different dynamic soaring phases to increase lift or reduce drag， so as to ensure the best lift-drag ratio. The lift-drag ratio of the morphing wing is greater than the fixed wing in flight， with a maximum of 20.1% higher lift-drag ratio. The optimal wing morphing pattern of UAV dynamic soaring obtained is similar to the real wing deformation law of the albatross， and the influence of wing morphing on UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency and the feasible morphing patterns are defined.
Wei WANG , Weigang AN , Bifeng SONG , Wenqing YANG . Dynamic soaring performance of albatross-inspired morphing wing[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2024 , 45(24) : 630576 -630576 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30576
| 1 | CROXALL J P， SILK J R D， PHILLIPS R A， et al. Global circumnavigations： Tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses［J］. Science， 2005， 307（5707）： 249-250. |
| 2 | RAYLEIGH. The soaring of birds［J］. Nature， 1883， 27： 534-535. |
| 3 | ZHAO Y J. Optimal patterns of glider dynamic soaring［J］. Optimal Control Applications and Methods， 2004， 25（2）： 67-89. |
| 4 | SACHS G P. Maximum travel speed performance of albatrosses and UAVs using dynamic soaring［C］∥Proceedings of the AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston： AIAA， 2019： AIAA2019-0568. |
| 5 | BONNIN V， TOOMER C， MOSCHETTA J M， et al. Energy harvesting mechanisms for UAV flight by dynamic soaring［C］∥Proceedings of the AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics （AFM） Conference. Reston： AIAA， 2013. |
| 6 | STEMPECK A， HASSANALIAN M， ABDELKEFI A. Impacts of airfoil characteristics on the aerodynamic loads for albatross-inspired fixed wing drones［C］∥Proceedings of the 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston： AIAA， 2018. |
| 7 | MATHEW B， SAHU S， DUTTA P， et al. Albatross and Falcon inspired Bionic UAV： An Aerodynamic Analysis［J］. International Journal of Aviation， Aeronautics， and Aerospace， 2021， 8（3）， doi.org/10.15394/ijaaa.2021.1598. |
| 8 | LAWRANCE N R J， SUKKARIEH S. A guidance and control strategy for dynamic soaring with a gliding UAV［C］∥2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2009： 3632-3637. |
| 9 | CHANG J， LALIBERTé J. Trajectory optimization for dynamic soaring remotely piloted aircraft with under-wing solar panels［J］. Journal of Aircraft， 2023， 60（2）： 581-588. |
| 10 | ZHU B J， HOU Z X， OUYANG H J. Trajectory optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle in dynamic soaring［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part G： Journal of Aerospace Engineering， 2017， 231（10）： 1779-1793. |
| 11 | 刘多能， 侯中喜， 郭正， 等. 动态滑翔运动建模、机理分析与航迹优化［J］. 国防科技大学学报， 2016， 38（5）： 78-85. |
| LIU D N， HOU Z X， GUO Z， et al. Motion modeling， mechanism analysis and trajectory optimization for dynamic soaring［J］. Journal of National University of Defense Technology， 2016， 38（5）： 78-85 （in Chinese）. | |
| 12 | 单上求， 侯中喜， 朱炳杰， 等. 动态滑翔动力学建模与风梯度能量获取［J］. 国防科技大学学报， 2015， 37（4）： 45-49. |
| SHAN S Q， HOU Z X， ZHU B J， et al. Dynamics modeling of dynamic soaring and energy Gaining from the wind gradient［J］. Journal of National University of Defense Technology， 2015， 37（4）： 45-49 （in Chinese）. | |
| 13 | WANG W， AN W G， SONG B F. Dynamic soaring parameters influence regularity analysis on UAV and soaring strategy design［J］. Drones， 2023， 7（4）： 271. |
| 14 | HONG H C， LIU L Q， ZWENIG A， et al. Maximum travel speed of dynamic soaring considering atmospheric stability condition［C］∥AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. Reston： AIAA， 2023： 0037. |
| 15 | HONG H C， LIU L Q， HOLZAPFEL F， et al. Dynamic soaring under different atmospheric stability conditions［J］. Journal of Guidance， Control， and Dynamics， 2023， 46（5）： 970-977. |
| 16 | 朱熠， 李继广， 郝向宇. 梯度风场中无人机动态滑翔飞行轨迹优化［J］. 西安航空学院学报， 2023， 41（5）： 8-16， 66. |
| ZHU Y， LI J G， HAO X Y. Optimization of dynamic gliding flight trajectory for UAV in gradient wind fields［J］. Journal of Xi’an Aeronautical University， 2023， 41（5）： 8-16， 66 （in Chinese）. | |
| 17 | GAO X Z， HOU Z X， GUO Z， et al. Analysis and design of guidance-strategy for dynamic soaring with UAVs［J］. Control Engineering Practice， 2014， 32： 218-226. |
| 18 | HONG H C， ZHENG H X， HOLZAPFEL F， et al. Dynamic soaring in unspecified wind shear： A real-time quadratic-programming approach［C］∥2019 27th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation （MED）. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2019： 600-605. |
| 19 | HONG H C， GRüTER B， PIPREK P， et al. Smooth free-cycle dynamic soaring in unspecified shear wind via quadratic programming［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2022， 35（7）： 19-29. |
| 20 | HONG H C， PIPREK P， AFONSO R J M， et al. Trigonometric series-based smooth flight trajectory generation［J］. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems， 2021， 57（1）： 721-728. |
| 21 | ZHU B J， HOU Z X， LU Y F， et al. The direction zone of engineless UAVs in dynamic soaring［J］. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences， 2015， 105（6）： 467-490. |
| 22 | 盛其虎， 吴德铭， 张亮. 信天翁近海面飞行时的气动力研究［J］. 应用数学和力学， 2005， 26（9）： 1114-1120. |
| SHENG Q H， WU D M， ZHANG L. Aerodynamic forces acting on an albatross flying above sea-waves［J］. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics， 2005， 26（9）： 1114-1120 （in Chinese）. | |
| 23 | 刘建河， 王孟硕， 刘坤， 等. 梯度风场滑翔仿生飞行器设计与仿真［J］. 航空兵器， doi： 41.1228.TJ.20240305.0904.001 . |
| LIU J H， WANG M S， LIU K， et al. Design and simulation of gradient wind gliding bionic vehicle［J］. Aero Weaponry， doi： 41.1228.TJ.20240305.0904.001 （in Chinese）. | |
| 24 | WANG W， AN W G， SONG B F. Modeling and application of dynamic soaring by unmanned aerial vehicle［J］. Applied Sciences， 2022， 12（11）： 5411. |
| 25 | 朱炳杰. 无人飞行器梯度风滑翔建模与控制［M］. 北京： 国防工业出版社， 2020. |
| ZHU B J. Modeling and control for unmanned aerial vehicles by dynamic soaring in gradient wind［M］. Beijing： National Defense Industry Press， 2020 （in Chinese）. | |
| 26 | 高显忠， 邓小龙， 王玉杰， 等. 临近空间太阳能飞机能量最优飞行航迹规划方法展望［J］. 航空学报， 2023， 44（8）： 027265. |
| GAO X Z， DENG X L， WANG Y J， et al. General planning method for energy optimal flight path of solar?powered aircraft in near space［J］. Acta Aeronauticaet Astronautica Sinica， 2023， 44（8）： 027265 （in Chinese）. | |
| 27 | MIR I， MAQSOOD A， AKHTAR S. Optimization of dynamic soaring maneuvers for a morphing capable UAV［C］∥Proceedings of the AIAA Information Systems-AIAA Infotech @ Aerospace. Reston： AIAA， 2017： AIAA2017-0678. |
| 28 | MIR I， MAQSOOD A， AKHTAR S. Biologically inspired dynamic soaring maneuvers for an unmanned air vehicle capable of sweep morphing［J］. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences， 2018， 19（4）： 1006-1016. |
| 29 | MIR I， MAQSOOD A， EISA S A， et al. Optimal morphing-augmented dynamic soaring maneuvers for unmanned air vehicle capable of span and sweep morphologies［J］. Aerospace Science and Technology， 2018， 79： 17-36. |
| 30 | MIR I， MAQSOOD A， TAHA H E， et al. Soaring energetics for a nature inspired unmanned aerial vehicle［C］∥AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston： AIAA， 2019： 1622. |
| 31 | SACHS G， GRüTER B， HONG H C. Performance enhancement by wing sweep for high-speed dynamic soaring［J］. Aerospace， 2021， 8（8）： 229. |
| 32 | GLENN R， DAHLKE L B， ENGILIS A Jr， et al. Analysis of bird wing airfoil aerodynamic efficiency［C］∥AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. Reston： AIAA， 2024： 1127. |
| 33 | SHAFFER S A， WEIMERSKIRCH H， COSTA D P. Functional significance of sexual dimorphism in Wandering Albatrosses， Diomedea exulans［J］. Functional Ecology， 2001， 15（2）： 203-210. |
| 34 | SULLIVAN T N， WANG B， ESPINOSA H D， et al. Extreme lightweight structures： Avian feathers and bones［J］. Materials Today， 2017， 20（7）： 377-391. |
| 35 | SACHS G. Kinetic energy in dynamic soaring—Inertial speed and airspeed［J］. Journal of Guidance， Control， and Dynamics， 2019， 42（8）： 1812-1821. |
| 36 | NITHIYAPATHI C， SREELAKSHMY P， SUMAN M. Aerodynamic characterization of an Albatross wing for Bio-inspired unmanned aerial vehicle［J］. Materials Today： Proceedings， 2021， 37： 1659-1664. |
| 37 | STEMPECK A， HASSANALIAN M， ABDELKEFI A. Aerodynamic performance of albatross-inspired wing shape for marine unmanned air vehicles［C］∥2018 Aviation Technology， Integration， and Operations Conference. Reston： AIAA， 2018： 3899. |
| 38 | 韩忠华. Kriging模型及代理优化算法研究进展［J］. 航空学报， 2016， 37（11）： 3197-3225. |
| HAN Z H. Kriging surrogate model and its application to design optimization： a review of recent progress［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2016， 37（11）： 3197-3225 （in Chinese）. | |
| 39 | 王丹. 飞行器气动外形优化设计方法研究与应用［D］. 西安： 西北工业大学， 2015. |
| WANG D. Research and application of aircraft aerodynamic shape optimization design method［D］. Xi’an： Northwestern Polytechnical University， 2015 （in Chinese）. | |
| 40 | 韩忠华， 许晨舟， 乔建领， 等. 基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展［J］. 航空学报， 2020， 41（5）： 25-65. |
| HAN Z H， XU C Z， QIAO J L， et al. Recent progress of efficient global aerodynamic shape optimization using surrogate-based approach［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2020， 41（5）： 25-65 （in Chinese）. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA