This paper systematically reviews the evolution process of the air combat system in the past 70 years, and proposes the mechanism of winning air combat by completing the attack before the opponent and making the opponent unable to complete the attack, forming Obseration, Orientation, Decision, Action (OODA) closed-loop time difference between the warring parties. A comprehensive introduction of air combat criteria, such as angle criterion, energy criterion, and system criterion, is given. The basic structure of air combat system with situation awareness, combat aircraft, and air to air missile and pilot is discussed. Different generations of air combat systems are analyzed, summarizing the system characteristics, landmark events and main equipment of each generation. Considering the demands of air combat and technology development, the future air combat system represented by intelligent distributed cooperation is also discussed, and the basic science and cutting-edge technology problems facing the future development of air combat are pointed out.
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