Radar-Embedded Communication(REC) is a new type of covert communication method that embeds communication signals in radar backscattered echoes. Compared with the traditional concealed communication method, REC has superior concealment performance, and thus has very broad application prospects in the military and civilian fields. Waveform design has always been a key research goal in REC. To improve communication reliability and anti-interception performance, a REC communication waveform design method is proposed based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). This paper presents the algorithm principle of SVD based waveform design, and analyzes the communication reliability, anti-detection performance, anti-interception performance and algorithm complexity of the SVD waveform. The results show that compared to the traditional REC waveform, the SVD waveform has better communication reliability, Low Probability of Detection (LPD) and Low Probability of Intercept (LPI), and does not cause a significant increase of algorithm complexity.
LI Baoguo
,
ZHANG Cheng'an
,
XU Jianqiu
. A radar-embedded communication waveform design method based on SVD[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022
, 43(7)
: 325401
-325401
.
DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.25401
[1] 戴跃伟,刘光杰,曹鹏程,等.无线隐蔽通信研究综述[J].南京信息工程大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 12(1):45-56. DAI Y W, LIU G J, CAO P C, et al. A survey of wireless covert communications[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 12(1):45-56(in Chinese).
[2] 刘凡,袁伟杰,原进宏,等.雷达通信频谱共享及一体化:综述与展望[J].雷达学报, 2021, 10(3):467-484. LIU F, YUAN W J, YUAN J H, et al. Radar-communication spectrum sharing and integration:Overview and prospect[J]. Journal of Radars, 2021, 10(3):467-484(in Chinese).
[3] 丁国如,孙佳琛,王海超,等.复杂电磁环境下频谱智能管控技术探讨[J].航空学报, 2021, 42(4):524750. DING G R, SUN J C, WANG H C, et al. Discussion on technologies for intelligent spectrum management and control under complex electromagnetic environments[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2021, 42(4):524750(in Chinese).
[4] JACYNA G M, FELL B, MCLEMORE D. A high-level overview of fundamental limits studies for the DARPA SSPARC program[C]//2016 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2016:1-6.
[5] BLUNT S D, YANTHAM P. Waveform design for radar-embedded communications[C]//2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2007:214-218.
[6] 曾小东.直扩通信信号低截获性能分析[J].无线电工程, 2020, 50(11):917-920. ZENG X D. LPI performance analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum[J]. Radio Engineering, 2020, 50(11):917-920(in Chinese).
[7] 王碧雯.低截获直扩信号检测方法研究[D].成都:电子科技大学, 2016:1-5. WANG B W. Research on low probability intercept spread spectrum signal detection algorithm[D]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2016:1-5(in Chinese).
[8] TANG P, WANG S, LI X M, et al. A low-complexity algorithm for fast acquisition of weak DSSS signal in high dynamic environment[J]. GPS Solutions, 2017, 21(4):1427-1441.
[9] SOFWAN A, BARKAT M, ALQAHTANI S A. PN code acquisition using smart antennas and adaptive thresholding for spread spectrum communications[J]. Wireless Networks, 2016, 22(1):223-234.
[10] AXLINE Jr R M, SLOAN G R, et al. Radar transponder apparatus and signal processing technique:US5486830[P]. 1996-01-23.
[11] HOUNAM D, WAGEL K H. A technique for the identification and localization of SAR targets using encoding transponders[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(1):3-7.
[12] AXLINE R M. Transponder data processing methods and systems:US6577266[P]. 2003-06-10.
[13] BLUNT S D, STILES J, ALLEN C, et al. Diversity aspects of radar-embedded communications[C]//2007 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2007:439-442.
[14] BLUNT S D, BIGGS C R. Practical considerations for intra-pulse radar-embedded communications[C]//2009 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2009:244-248.
[15] BLUNT S D, METCALF J G. Estimating temporal multipath via spatial selectivity:Building environmental knowledge into waveform design for radar-embedded communications[C]//2009 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2009:513-516.
[16] BLUNT S D, METCALF J G. Using time reversal of multipath for intra-pulse radar-embedded communications[C]//2010 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2010:155-158.
[17] BLUNT S D, YATHAM P, STILES J. Intrapulse radar-embedded communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2010, 46(3):1185-1200.
[18] METCALF J, BLUNT S, PERRINS E. Detector design and intercept metrics for intra-pulse radar-embedded communications[C]//2011-MILCOM 2011 Military Communications Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2011:188-192.
[19] METCALF J G, SAHIN C, BLUNT S D, et al. Analysis of symbol-design strategies for intrapulse radar-embedded communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51(4):2914-2931.
[20] METCALF J G, SAHIN C, BLUNT S D. Impact of adjacent/overlapping communication waveform design within a radar spectrum sharing context[C]//2020 IEEE International Radar Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2020:472-477.
[21] CIUONZO D, DE MAIO A, FOGLIA G, et al. Pareto-theory for enabling covert intrapulse radar-embedded communications[C]//2015 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarCon). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2015:292-297.
[22] CIUONZO D, De MAIO A, FOGLIA G, et al. Intrapulse radar-embedded communications via multiobjective optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51(4):2960-2974.
[23] MAI C Y, SUN J P, ZHOU R, et al. Sparse frequency waveform design for radar-embedded communication[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016, 2016:7270301.
[24] SAHIN C, METCALF J G, BLUNT S D. Filter design to address range sidelobe modulation in transmit-encoded radar-embedded communications[C]//2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2017:1509-1514.
[25] SAHIN C, JAKABOSKY J, MCCORMICK P M, et al. A novel approach for embedding communication symbols into physical radar waveforms[C]//2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2017:1498-1503.
[26] SAHIN C, METCALF J G, HIMED B. Reduced complexity maximum SINR receiver processing for transmit-encoded radar-embedded communications[C]//2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2018:1317-1322.
[27] NUSENU S Y, SHAO H Z, WANG W Q, et al. Directional radar-embedded communications based on hybrid MIMO and frequency diverse arrays[C]//2019 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2019:1-5.
[28] XU J Q, LI B G. A new radar-embedded communication waveform based on singular value decomposition[C]//2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering Technology (CCET2019). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2019:234-238.
CJA