Laser surface microstructures of monocrystalline silicon can effectively improve the surface friction characteristics, optical reflectivity and hydrophobicity of the material, broadening the application range of monocrystalline silicon. To obtain a good surface texture, an experimental study on the surface array texture of monocrystalline silicon processed by Ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond laser was carried out based on analysis of the interaction mechanism between laser and material in this paper. The area method is applied to calculate the ablation threshold of monocrystalline silicon by the UV nanosecond laser. Subsequently, the influences of the parameters including the laser output power, pulse repetition frequency, spot scanning speed and number of scanning times on the groove width and depth were studied by the single factor method. The typical morphology characteristics and formation mechanism of the ablated groove were analyzed, and the influences of process parameters on microstructure characteristics were obtained. With the selected processing parameters, the microstructures including the lattice structure, square array, hexagon array, sine wave array and helix structure were fabricated on the surface of monocrystalline silicon.
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