Existing non-source passive detection technologies based on angle estimation cannot meet the requirement for high-precision target direction finding in the far field, and existing passive detection sensor arrays are limited by requirement for large-scale surround deployment in the battlefield. To overcome these problems, a passive direction finding method, which is unaffected by the wave velocity, is proposed based on the short baseline sensor array, by combing the Rayleigh wave extraction method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and short-term energy characteristic analysis and the time delay hyperbolic positioning model. First, after analyzing the signal characteristics of the ground motion signals obtained by the sensor array, an adaptive decomposition and denoising model is constructed based on EMD, and a method for extracting Rayleigh wave components is proposed based on short-term energy characteristics of the signal. Second, based on the estimated time delay of wave joint correlation calculation, a time delay hyperbolic model is constructed based on the TDOA algorithm, and a DFA-WV algorithm based on the four-element cross short baseline sensor array is proposed to realize high-precision direction finding of the projectile signal without wave velocity estimation. Finally, the algorithm model proposed is verified in simulation and live-fire tests at the range. The results show that the Rayleigh wave extraction method proposed can provide high precision estimation of time delay, and the DFA-WV direction finding algorithm can eliminate the influence of estimation of wave velocity on direction finding results. Compared to the Chan algorithm and the improved MPR algorithm, the method proposed has higher direction finding performance and low computational complexity, and is thus applicable in projectile target direction finding in the actual field range.
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