Phantom track deception against radar networks using UAVs: Review

BAI Peng; WANG Yubing; LIANG Xiaolong; ZHANG Jiaqiang; WANG Weijia

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.23912

ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA >

2020 , Vol. 41 >Issue 10: 23912 - 023912

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.23912

Review

Phantom track deception against radar networks using UAVs: Review

BAI Peng ,
WANG Yubing ,
LIANG Xiaolong ,
ZHANG Jiaqiang ,
WANG Weijia

Expand

1. Air Traffic Control and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Collision Prevention, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China;
3. Institute of Systems Engineering, Military Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received date: 2020-02-29

Revised date: 2020-07-20

Online published: 2020-07-17

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China (61703427)

Fold

Abstract

The demand for system operations in future wars is not only to "win with quantity" by scale, but also to have tactical wisdom to "win by flexibility". Only by interfering with the enemy's inference of our intention, or even designing false intentions to confuse the enemy battlefield awareness, can we shape the situation in the game between the two sides, and gain the initiative in the top-level design and strategic tactics. An effective countermeasure to cheat the enemy's network radars is to use UAV swarms which, in addition to detecting the enemy, consume the computing resources of the enemy's network radars, and interfere with the enemy's inference of our intention, thereby improving the perception ability and survival ability of our side. The concept and the current progress of phantom track deception is introduced, followed by analyses of the key problems and technical difficulties according to the characteristics of phantom track deception jamming, involving phantom design and generation, estimation problems caused by uncertain errors, the time delay strategy and same source testing rule, and dynamic constraints. The application prospect and the future research direction of phantom track deception are provided.

Key words： phantom track deception; UAVs; radar networks; intention inference; system operations

Cite this article

BAI Peng , WANG Yubing , LIANG Xiaolong , ZHANG Jiaqiang , WANG Weijia . Phantom track deception against radar networks using UAVs: Review[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020 , 41(10) : 23912 -023912 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.23912

References

[1] 胡利平, 梁晓龙, 何吕龙, 等. 基于情景分析的航空集群决策规则库构建方法[J].航空学报, 2020, 41(S1):723737. HU L P, LIANG X L, HE L L, et al. Construction method of aviation swarm decision rule base based on scenario analysis[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020, 41(S1):723737(in Chinese).
[2] 贾永楠, 田似营, 李擎. 无人机集群研究进展综述[J].航空学报, 2020, 41(S1):723738. JIA Y N, TIAN S Y, LI Q. Development of unmanned aerial vehicle swarms[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020,41(S1):723738(in Chinese).
[3] SCHARRE P. Robotics on the battlefield part II-The coming swarm[R]. Washington, D.C.:Center for a New American Security, 2014:1-68.
[4] Department of Defense. Unmanned systems integrated roadmap:2017-2042[R]. Washington, D.C.:Department of Defense, 2018.
[5] 袁成. 外军无人机蜂群技术发展态势与应用前景[EB/OL]. 中国航空报, 2018. http://ep.cannews.com.cn/publish/zghkb7/html/1483/node_054444.html. YUAN C. Development trend and application prospect of foreign military UAV swarm[EB/OL]. China Aviation News, 2018. http://ep.cannews.com.cn/publish/zghkb7/html/1483/node054444.html (in Chinese).
[6] United States Air Force. SUAS flight plan:2016-2036[R]. Washington, D.C.:United States Air Force, 2016.
[7] 赵彦杰. 无人机蜂群系统的国外现状与趋势[J].网信科技前沿, 2017, 21(4):1-4. ZHAO Y J. The current situation and trend of UAV colony system abroad[J].Internet and Information Technology FrontierMZ, 2017, 21(4):1-4(in Chinese).
[8] 李圣衍, 胡东, 周宏宇, 等. 雷达组网的干扰技术研究浅谈[J].电子工程师, 2006, 32(11):4-6. LI S Y, HU D, ZHOU H Y, et al. A preliminary study on jamming technologies of netted radar[J].Electronic Engineer, 2006, 32(11):4-6(in Chinese).
[9] 张养瑞. 对雷达网的多机伴随式协同干扰技术研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2015. ZHANG Y R. Research on key technologies of cooperative ECM in multi-syndrome jammers for countering radar net[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015(in Chinese).
[10] 向龙, 丁建江, 杨大志, 等. 压制干扰条件下雷达组网检测概率建模与仿真[J].火力与指挥控制, 2011(3):96-98. XIANG L, DING J J, YANG D Z, et al. Modeling and simulation on detection probability of netted radar in suppression jamming environment[J].Fire Control & Command Control, 2011(3):96-98(in Chinese).
[11] 赵辉. 雷达组网信息融合及欺骗干扰技术研究[D]. 西安:西安电子科技大学, 2014. ZHAO H. A study of netted radar information fusion and deception jamming technology research[D]. Xi'an:Xidian University, 2014(in Chinese).
[12] 刘洁怡. 多站雷达系统抗欺骗式干扰方法研究[D]. 西安:西安电子科技大学, 2018. LIU J Y. The methods for deception ECCM on multiple-radar system[D]. Xi'an:Xidian University, 2018(in Chinese).
[13] CLARK B, GUNZINGER M. Winning the airwaves-regaining america's dominance in the electromagnetic spectrum[R]. The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 2017:1-68.
[14] CLARK B, GUNZINGER M, SLOMAN J. Winning in the gray zone-using electromagnetic warfare to regain escalation dominance[R]. The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 2017:1-84.
[15] CLARK B, MCNAMARA W M, WALTON T A. Winning the invisible war[R]. The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 2019:1-64.
[16] 李欢. 信息化大幕下的无人机集群作战[J].军事文摘, 2018(5):22-23. LI H. UAV swarm operation in the information age[J].Military Digest, 2018(5):22-23(in Chinese).
[17] 李欣, 王春阳. 航迹欺骗干扰及其对抗技术的研究现状与发展[J].控制与制导, 2013, 1(8):64-67. LI X, WANG C Y. Research status and development of phantom track deception jamming and its countermeasures[J].Control and Guidance, 2013, 1(8):64-67(in Chinese).
[18] 马亚涛. 对雷达网的欺骗干扰技术研究[D]. 西安:西安电子科技大学, 2013. MA Y T. Research on deception jamming against the network system of radars[D]. Xi'an:Xidian University, 2013(in Chinese).
[19] 赵立志, 魏永峰. 欺骗性雷达干扰实现方法分析[J].舰船电子对抗, 2013, 36(2):11-13. ZHAO L Z, WEI Y F. Analysis of implementation method of deception jamming to radars[J].Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2013, 36(2):11-13(in Chinese).
[20] 倪建春, 王宝. 有源欺骗干扰及雷达反对抗策略研究[J].舰船电子对抗, 2011, 34(3):5-8. NI J C, WANG B. Research into the active deception jamming and radar counter-countermeasure[J].Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2011, 34(3):5-8(in Chinese).
[21] PACHTER M, CHANDLER P R, LARSON R A, et al. Concepts for generating coherent radar phantom tracks using cooperating vehicles[C]//AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 2004:1-14.
[22] 赵珊珊, 张林让, 李强, 等. 分布式多站雷达转发式欺骗干扰研究[J].电子与信息学报, 2017, 39(1):138-143. ZHAO S S, ZHANG L R, LI Q, et al. Research on repeater jamming against distributed multiple-radar system[J].Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2017, 39(1):138-143(in Chinese).
[23] PURVIS K B, ASTROM K J, KHAMMASH M. Estimating radar positions using cooperative unmanned air vehicle teams[C]//2005 American Control Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2005:3512-3517.
[24] PURVIS K B, CHANDLER P R, PACHTER M. Feasible flight paths for cooperative generation of a phantom radar track[J].Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2006, 29(3):653-661.
[25] PURVIS K B, CHANDLER P R. A review of recent algorithms and a new and improved cooperative control design for generating a phantom track[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 American Control Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2007:3252-3258.
[26] PURVIS K B, STROM K J A, KHAMMASH M. Online control strategies for highly coupled cooperative UAVs[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 American Control Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2007:3961-3966.
[27] PURVIS K B, ASTROM K J, KHAMMASH M. Estimation and optimal configurations for localization using cooperative UAVs[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2008, 16(5):947-958.
[28] SHIMA T, CHANDLER P, PACHTER M. Decentralized estimation for cooperative phantom track generation[J].Cooperative Systems, 2005, 588:339-350.
[29] RATNOO A, SHIMA T. Formation-flying guidance for cooperative radar deception[J].Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2012, 35(6):1730-1739.
[30] XU Y, BASSET G. Virtual motion camouflage based phantom track generation through cooperative electronic combat air vehicles[C]//American Control Conference (ACC). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2010:5656-5661.
[31] MAITHRIPALA D H A, JAYASURIYA S. Radar deception through phantom track generation[C]//American Control Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2005.
[32] MAITHRIPALA D H A, JAYASURIYA S. Phantom track generation in 3D through cooperative control of multiple ECAVs based on geometry[C]//First International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2006:255-260.
[33] MAITHRIPALA D H A, JAYASURIYA S. Feasibility considerations in formation control:Phantom track generation through multi-UAV collaboration[C]//2008 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. Piscataway:IEEE Press,2008:3959-3964.
[34] DHANANJAY N, KUDUVALLI A, GHOSE D. Realistic coherent phantom track generation by a group of electronic combat aerial vehicles[C]//American Control Conference (ACC). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2013.
[35] HAJIEGHRARY H, JAYASURIYA S. Guaranteed Consensus in radar deception with a phantom track[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2013:1-7.
[36] DHANANJAY N, GHOSE D, KUDUVALLI A. Generation of a class of proportional navigation guided interceptor phantom tracks[J].Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2015,38(11):2206-2215.
[37] LEE I-H, BANG H. Optimal phantom track generation for multiple electronic combat air vehicles[C]//International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2008:29-33.
[38] LEE I-H, BANG H. Phantom track generation using predictive control concept[C]//11th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2011:291-293.
[39] LEE I-H, BANG H. A cooperative line-of-sight guidance law for a three-dimensional phantom track generation using unmanned aerial vehicles[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2012, 227(6):897-915.
[40] 马亚涛, 赵国庆, 徐晨. 现有技术条件下对组网雷达的航迹欺骗[J].电子信息对抗技术, 2013, 28(2):34-37. MA Y T, ZHAO G Q, XU C. Research on track deception technology against the radars network system[J].Electronic Information Warfare Technology, 2013, 28(2):34-37(in Chinese).
[41] 李修和. 基于空地一体的雷达组网干扰技术研究[J].航天电子对抗, 2013, 29(4):48-51. LI X H. Research on technique radar netted jamming based on integration with air and land[J].Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2013, 29(4):48-51(in Chinese).
[42] 李小波,孙琳,周青松, 等. 多机协同的组网雷达欺骗干扰航迹优化[J].现代防御技术, 2016, 44(6):43-49. LI X B, SUN L, ZHOU Q S, et al. Strategy for track deception jamming against radar network using cooperative autonomous vehicle teams[J].Defense Technology, 2016, 44(6):43-49(in Chinese).
[43] 龚旻, 刁晓静, 林涛. 低截获概率雷达转发式欺骗干扰技术研究[J].航天电子对抗, 2011, 27(6):31-33. GONG M, DIAO X J, LIN T. Research on repeater deception jamming technique on LPI radar[J].Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2011, 27(6):31-33(in Chinese).
[44] 罗金亮. 双基地雷达航迹欺骗干扰方法研究[J].火控雷达技术, 2012, 41(3):6-9. LUO J L. Research on track deception jamming against bistatic radar[J].Fire Control Radar Technology, 2012, 41(3):6-9(in Chinese).
[45] 张国兵, 郎荣玲. 基于半实物仿真系统的多假目标航迹欺骗研究[J].电子设计工程, 2012, 20(12):1-4. ZHANG G B, LANG R L. Multi-range-false-target deception research based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation system[J].Electronic Design Engineering, 2012, 20(12):1-4(in Chinese).
[46] 杨忠, 王国宏, 孙殿星. 雷达网航迹欺骗干扰协同规划技术[J].指挥控制与仿真, 2015, 37(6):45-49. YANG Z, WANG G H, SUN D X. Collborative programming technic of radar network in presence of phantom track deception[J].Command Control & Simulation, 2015, 37(6):45-49(in Chinese).
[47] 周续力. 对搜索警戒雷达的多目标航迹欺骗[J].电子信息对抗技术, 2007, 22:43-45. ZHOU X L. Multiple-target track deception jamming against surveillance and warning radar[J].Electronic Information Warfare Technology, 2007, 22:43-45(in Chinese).
[48] 高彬, 毛士艺, 孙进平. 基于RGPO的编队ECAVs协同航迹欺骗[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 2011, 37(11):1343-1346. GAO B, MAO S Y, SUN J P. Cooperative generation of phantom radar track using a team of ECAVS based on RGPO[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011, 37(11):1343-1346(in Chinese).
[49] 朱宇, 罗景青, 田玮. 对组网雷达的多假目标欺骗干扰技术[J].电光与控制, 2013, 20(9):93-98. ZHU Y, LUO J Q, TIAN W. Research on multi-false-target jamming against netted radar[J].Electronics Optics & Control, 2013, 20(9):93-98(in Chinese).
[50] 郭淑芬, 余国文, 熊鑫, 等. 基于无人机协同的航迹欺骗干扰方法研究[J].空军预警学院学报, 2018, 32(1):44-54. GUO S F, YU G W, XIONG X, et al. Research on method of track deception jamming based on cooperative control of UAVs[J].Journal of Air Force Early Warning Academy, 2018, 32(1):44-54(in Chinese).
[51] 王国宏,杨忠,吴健平. 雷达站站址误差对多机协同航迹欺骗干扰的影响分析[J].海军航空工程学院学报, 2015, 30(6):501-510. WANG G H, YANG Z, WU J P. Influence analysis of radar location error on multi-aircraft cooperative track deception[J].Journal of Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, 2015, 30(6):501-510(in Chinese).
[52] 柳向,李东生. 对分布式组网雷达的航迹欺骗偏差补偿技术[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(6):1255-1264. LIU X, LI D S. Deviation compensation for phantom tracks jamming against distributed radar network[J].Systems Engineering and Electronic, 2018, 40(6):1255-1264(in Chinese).
[53] LIU X, LI D. A three-dimensional phantom track generation for radar network deception[J].IEEE Access, 2019, 7(1):27288-27301.
[54] 范振宇, 王磊, 陈越, 等. 组网雷达航迹欺骗技术研究[J].中国电子科学研究院学报, 2010, 5(2):179-186. FAN Z Y, WANG L, CHEN Y, et al. A technique of track deception against netted radars[J].Journal of CAEIT, 2010, 5(2):179-186(in Chinese).
[55] 李飞, 周中良, 苟新禹, 等. 基于多机协同航迹欺骗的组网雷达突防技术[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2013, 35(11):2309-2313. LI F, ZHOU Z L, GOU X Y, et al. Technology for penetrating radar net based on multiple combat air vehicles cooperation track deception[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2013, 35(11):2309-2313(in Chinese).
[56] 李森, 李彦志, 司瑾, 等. 一种警戒雷达航迹干扰方法及其仿真研究[J].舰船电子对抗, 2011, 34(5):19-23. LI S, LI Y Z, SI J, et al. A jamming method to surveillance radar track and its simulation analysis[J].Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2011, 34(5):19-23(in Chinese).
[57] 原伟, 束坤, 高晨. 对机载预警PD雷达的航迹欺骗干扰技术研究[J].舰船电子对抗, 2018, 41(4):6-14. YUAN W, SHU K, GAO C. Research into track deception jamming technology of airborne early warning PD radar[J].Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2018, 41(4):6-14(in Chinese).
[58] 黄勇, 丁宸聪. 针对预警机雷达的机载航迹假目标干扰技术[J].现代防御技术, 2015, 43(3):15-19. HUANG Y, DING C C. Track deception technology against warning aircraft radar based on airborne mode[J].Modern Defense Technology, 2015, 43(3):15-19(in Chinese).
[59] 赵艳丽, 王雪松, 王国玉, 等. 多假目标欺骗干扰下组网雷达跟踪技术[J].电子学报. 2007, 35(3):454-458. ZHAO Y L, WANG X S, WANG G Y, et al. Tracking technique for radar network in the presence of multi-range-false-target deception jamming[J].Acta Electronica Sinica, 2007, 35(3):454-458(in Chinese).
[60] 赵艳丽, 陈永光, 蒙洁, 等. 分布式组网雷达抗多假目标欺骗干扰处理方法[J].电光与控制, 2011, 18(3):25-30. ZHAO Y L, CHEN Y G, MENG J, et al. A data processing method against multi-false-target deception jamming for distributed radar network[J].Electronics Optics & Control, 2011, 18(3):25-30(in Chinese).
[61] 李迎春, 王国宏, 孙殿星, 等. 雷达抗自卫转发式航迹假目标欺骗干扰技术[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2015, 37(6):1242-1248. LI Y C, WANG G H, SUN D X, et al. Technique against self-protection repeating track false-target deceptive jamming for radar[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2015, 37(6):1242-1248(in Chinese).
[62] 孙殿星, 王国宏, 李迎春, 等. 距离多假目标干扰下低可观测目标跟踪处理[J].电子学报, 2016, 44(4):827-837. SUN D X, WANG G H, LI Y C, et al. Low observable target tracking processing in the presence of multi-range-false-target jamming[J].Acta Electronica Sinica, 2016, 44(4):827-837(in Chinese).
[63] MEARS M J, AKELLA M R. Deception of radar systems using cooperatively controlled unmanned air vehicles[C]//IEEE Proceedings of the Networking. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2005:332-335.
[64] 王国宏, 吉喆. 基于多重判别的雷达网距离向多干扰目标鉴别[J].系统工程与电子技术, 2017, 39(1):40-48. WANG G H, JI Z. Multi-range-false-target jamming for radar network based on multiple discriminations[J].Systems Engineering and Electronic, 2017, 39(1):40-48(in Chinese)

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References