航空儿童约束系统对3岁儿童保护效果及后排乘员影响试验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30631

Abstract

Abstract:

In air transportation， children aged 2 and above can use aviation seat belts for restraint； however， these seat belts are designed for adult passengers， and their protective effects on children aged 2 and above still need to be studied. This study focuses on three types of restraint systems-aviation seat belts， Child Aviation Restraint System and child seats， and evaluates the protective effects of different types of restraint systems on children and their impact on rear passengers through sled tests. The results show that the protective effect of aviation seat belts is poor， and the head of the child dummy will hit the back of the front seat backrest， posing risks of injury to the neck and chest. When used in conjunction with aviation safety belts， CARES demonstrates higher compatibility with aviation seats， with lower injury data for the head， neck， chest， and abdomen compared to injury criteria. Despite better protection for children provided by the forward facing child seat than aviation seat belts and CARES， there are installation difficulties and other issues. Larger pre-tensioning force of the safety belt that secures the child seat produces better protective effect on children， and the rear passengers have little influence on the protection effect of the front child seat. However， using child seats can strengthen the stiffness of the aviation seat back， thus increasing the risk of head injuries for rear passengers， though with a relatively small impact on neck injury. Meanwhile， the impact of using child seats on head injuries of rear passengers is related to the distance between the seats.

Key words: child aviation safety, child restraint systems, sled test, injury criteria, protection characteristics

CLC Number:

V216.5⁺5

Xiaopeng SHI, Weiliang LI, Chen XIONG, Yafeng WANG, Yonglong HE, Zhenyu FENG. Protective effect of aviation child restraint systems on 3-year-old children and influence on rear passengers: Experiment[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(1): 230631.

Figures/Tables 30

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 2

Fig.3

Table 3

Fig.4

Table 4

Fig.5

Table 5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Table 6

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

Fig.19

Fig.20

Fig.21

Fig.22

Fig.23

Fig.24

References 22

1	冯振宇，刘旭，林岚辉，等.安全带对航空座椅及乘员冲击响应的影响［J］.航空学报， 2022， 43（1）：224808.
	FENG Z X， LIU X， LIN L H， et al. Impact of seatbelts on impact characteristics of aviation seats and occupants［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2022， 43（1）：224808 （in Chinese）.
2	中国民用航空局. 大型飞机公共航空运输承运人运行合格审定规则： CCAR-121-R7 ［EB/OL］. （2021-03-15）［2024-05-01］. .
	Civil Aviation Administration of China. Airworthiness regulations for the operation of large aircraft by public air transport operators： CCAR-121-R7 ［EB/OL］. （2021-03-15）［2024-05-01］. （in Chinese）.
3	Federal Aviation Administration. Seats， safety belts， and shoulder harnesses： FAR 121.311［EB/OL］. （2022-12-09）［2024-05-01］..
4	Rheinland TÜV. Study on child restraint systems：EASA.2007.C.28［R］. Cologne： EASA， 2008.
5	GOWDY V， DEWEESE R. The performance of child restraint devices in transport airplane passenger seats： DOT/FAA/AAM-94/19［R］. Washington， D. C. ： FAA， 1994.
6	肖旭东，张泽亚，朱梦婷，等. 2例汽车腹部安全带综合征致死的案例分析［J］. 伤害医学（电子版）， 2022， 11（4）：53-58.
	XIAO X D， ZHANG Z Y， ZHU M T， et al. Analysis of two cases of death caused by abdominal seat belt syndrome ［J］. Injury Medicine（Electronic Edition）， 2022， 11（4）：53-58 （in Chinese）.
7	Federal Aviation Administration. Child Restraint Systems （CRS）： TSO-C100b ［S］. Washington， D.C.： FAA， 2002.
8	GIBSON T， THAI K， LUMLEY M. Child restraint in Australian commercial aircraft： B2004/0241［R］. Canberra： Australian Transport Safety Bureau， 2006.
9	BATHIE M. An investigation of automotive child restraint installation methods in transport category：IN07/1809［R］. Canberra： Civil Aviation Safety Authority， 2007.
10	SHRIMPTON A. A numerical investigation into the crashworthiness of automotive child restraints in transport category aircraft［R］. Melbourne： Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology， 2011.
11	中国民用航空局. 旋翼航空器、运输类飞机和小飞机座椅系统： CTSO-C127b ［S］. 北京：中国民用航空局， 2016.
	Civil Aviation Administration of China. Rotorcraft， transport airline and small airline seating systems： CTSO-C127b ［S］. Beijing： CAAC， 2016 （in Chinese）.
12	Federal Aviation Administration. Rotorcraft， transport airplane， and normal and utility airplane seating systems： TSO-C127a［R］. Washington， D.C.： FAA， 1998.
13	中国民用航空局. 躯干约束系统： CTSO-C114 ［S］. 北京：中国民用航空局， 2019.
	Civil Aviation Administration of China. Torso restraint systems： CTSO-C114 ［S］. Beijing： CAAC， 2019 （in Chinese）.
14	Federal Aviation Administration. Torso restraint systems： TSO-C114 ［S］. Washington， D.C.： FAA， 1987.
15	Society of Automotive Engineering. Performance standard for child restraint systems in transport category airplanes： AS5276/1 ［S］. Warrendale： SAE International， 2019.
16	Society of Automotive Engineering. Performance standard for seats in civil rotorcraft， transport aircraft， and general aviation aircraft： AS8049D ［S］. Warrendale： SAE International， 2018.
17	Society of Automotive Engineering. Instrumentation for impact test-Part 1， electronic instrumentation： SAE J211-1 ［S］. Warrendale： SAE International， 1997.
18	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of enhanced child restraint systems used on board of motor vehicles ［S］. Geneva： UN/ECE， 2020.
19	National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 208： Occupant crash protection： NHTSA-2024-0038 ［S］. Washington， D.C.： NHTSA， 2004.
20	中国民用航空局. 运输类飞机适航标准： CCAR-25-R4 ［S］. 北京：中国民用航空局， 2016.
	Civil Aviation Administration of China. Airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes： CCAR-25-R4 ［S］. Beijing： CAAC， 2016 （in Chinese）.
21	Federal Aviation Administration. Rotorcraft， transport airplane， and small airplane seating systems： DOT-TSO-C127c ［S］. Washington， D.C.： FAA， 1998.
22	张金换. 汽车儿童乘员碰撞伤害与防护［M］. 北京：清华大学出版社， 2015.
	ZHANG J H. Child occupant injury and protection in motor vehicle crashes［M］. Beijing： Tsinghua University Press， 2015 （in Chinese）.

座椅参数	A型座椅	B型座椅
座椅宽度/m	1.5	1.55
座椅深度/m	0.9	0.85
座椅高度/m	1.12	1.2
坐垫宽度/m	0.4	0.5
坐垫深度/m	0.45	0.48
扶手间距/m	0.44	0.46

试验编号	A12977	B16536		B17090		B17091	B17115	B17520
座椅类型	双排A型座椅	双排A型座椅		双排A型座椅		单排A型座椅	单排B型座椅	单排B型座椅
排距/mm	752	745		685
约束系统	航空安全带	CARES、儿童座椅	航空安全带	儿童座椅	航空安全带	航空安全带、儿童座椅	儿童座椅	航空安全带、 CARES
工况	Q3假人坐在后排左侧，使用航空安全带约束	Q3假人坐在前排左侧和中间，分别使用前向儿童座椅和CARES约束	混Ⅲ假人坐在后排左、右两侧，均使用航空安全带约束	Q3假人坐在前排左侧和中间，均使用前向儿童座椅约束	混Ⅲ假人坐在后排左右两侧，均使用航空安全带约束	Q3假人坐在左侧和中间，分别使用航空安全带和儿童座椅约束	Q3假人坐在中间和右侧，均使用前向儿童座椅约束	Q3假人坐在左、右两侧，分别使用航空安全带和CARES约束

部位	评价指标	规定值	来源
儿童头部	HIC15	800	ECER129/r4^［18］
儿童头部	累积3 ms加速度/g	80	ECER129/r4^［18］
儿童颈部	拉伸载荷/N	1 130	FMVSS208^［19］
	压缩载荷/N	1 380
	N_ij	1
儿童胸部	累积3 ms加速度/g	55	ECER129/r4^［18］
儿童腹部	腹压峰值/kPa	100	ECER129/r4^［18］
成人头部	HIC	1 000	CCAR- 25.562^［20］
成人颈部	N_ij	1	TSO-C127c^［21］
成人股骨	载荷/N	10 008	CCAR- 25.562^［20］

试验编号	工况	极限位移/mm
B17091	A型座椅-S-L	604
B17520	B型座椅-S-L	430
A12977	A型座椅-D-L

试验编号	工况	极限位移/mm
B16536	A型座椅-D-M	320.4
B17520	B型座椅-S-R	314.0

Protective effect of aviation child restraint systems on 3-year-old children and influence on rear passengers: Experiment

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 30

References 22

Related Articles 2

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

试验编号	工况	极限位移/mm
B16536	A型座椅-D-L1	512
B17090	A型座椅-D-L2	498
B17090	A型座椅-D-M	460

[1]	YANG Huan, LIU Xiaochuan, BAI Chunyu, ZHANG Yu, XI Xulong. Experiment on longitudinal dynamic impact characteristics of typical aircraft seat/occupant system [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(6): 526238-526238.
[2]	ZHANG Lifen, GE Xin, LIU Zhenxia. Experimental study on mechanical properties of artificial hail [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(2): 224255-224255.