Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 28822-028822.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28822
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Xudong LUO, Yiquan WU(), Jinlin CHEN
Received:
2023-04-06
Revised:
2023-05-04
Accepted:
2023-06-01
Online:
2024-03-25
Published:
2023-06-09
Contact:
Yiquan WU
E-mail:nuaaimage@163.com
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Xudong LUO, Yiquan WU, Jinlin CHEN. Research progress on deep learning methods for object detection and semantic segmentation in UAV aerial images[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 28822-028822.
Table 1
Improved Faster R-CNN object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 增加主干网络输出、增强特征融合、添加注意力模块 | 无人机航拍影像中害虫在叶片上啃食区域的检测 | 增强了模型特征提取与特征融合的能力 | 模型的特征融合过程更加复杂,所添加的注意力模块增加了模型参数 |
[ | 更换主干网络、增强特征融合、修改池化层 | 无人机电力线巡检中绝缘子的缺陷检测 | 有利于缓解梯度消失和梯度爆炸的问题,有利于多尺度特征融合 | 添加的模块增加了模型参数 |
[ | 增加主干网络输出、数据集预处理 | 无人机航拍影像中车辆的检测 | 有利于小目标的特征提取 | 特征融合部分结构复杂,模型预处理过程繁琐 |
[ | 添加DConv卷积操作、优化NMS方法 | 无人机航拍影像中倒塌建筑物的检测 | 有利于学习不规则几何特征的相关信息,提高对任意形状倒塌建筑物的适应性 | 可形变卷积增加了模型的计算量 |
Table 2
Improved Cascade R-CNN object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 改进检测头 | 无人机航拍影像中密集小目标的检测 | 有利于更好地提取边缘帧并对边缘帧进行精确地调整,提供更准确的感兴趣区域 | 模型的检测头结构复杂 |
[ | 数据集预处理、更换主干网络、修改损失函数 | 无人机电力线巡检中防震锤等部件缺陷的检测 | 提高了模型特征提取与特征融合的能力 | 模型预处理过程复杂耗时 |
[ | 优化主干网络、调整锚框参数 | 无人机航拍影像中多尺度目标的检测 | 提高了模型对不同尺度目标的检测能力 | 模型的特征融合部分结构复杂 |
[ | 更换主干网络、增强特征融合、修改NMS方法、修改损失函数 | 无人机航拍影像中多目标的检测 | 缓解了无人机图像中小目标、物体遮挡和正负样本不平衡的问题 | 增加了模型主干的复杂度 |
[ | 优化主干网络、增大模型感受野 | 无人机航拍影像中多目标的检测 | 扩大了模型的感受野,提升了复杂背景下的检测精度 | 空洞卷积的结果缺乏连续性 |
Table 3
Improved SSD object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 优化主干网络 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了特征提取能力,保留了更加丰富的语义信息 | 并行的模型主干结构复杂 |
[ | 更换主干网络、增大模型感受野、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了主干的特征提取能力,降低了网络的训练难度,增强了模型的泛化性 | 空洞卷积的结果缺乏连续性 |
[ | 调整锚框参数、优化主干网络 | 无人机航拍影像中车辆的检测 | 减少了模型参数,提升了检测速度,有利于获取车辆准确的分布特征 | 使用的深度可分离卷积会降低模型的检测精度 |
[ | 数据集预处理、修改损失函数 | 无人机航拍影像中车辆的检测 | 增强了对不同光照条件和样本多样性的适应能力 | 图像预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
Table 6
Improved YOLOv3 object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 数据集预处理、优化主干网络 | 无人机航拍影像中棕榈果的检测 | 提高了模型特征提取能力 | 模型预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
[ | 增强特征融合、修改损失函数 | 无人机电力线巡检中绝缘子的检测 | 提高了对小目标的识别精度 | 使用的损失函数计算复杂 |
[ | 增加主干网络输出、增强特征融合、增大模型感受野 | 无人机电力线巡检中绝缘子的检测 | 增强了网络的特征融合能力 | 模型的颈部结构复杂 |
[ | 增加主干网络输出、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 优化了对小目标的定位效果,加强了模型多尺度特征融合的能力 | 模型的颈部结构复杂 |
[ | 优化主干网络、添加注意力模块、增加主干网络输出 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了多尺度特征的表达能力,增强了模型特征融合的能力 | 注意力模块的添加增加了模型参数 |
[ | 优化主干网络、增加主干网络输出、调整锚框参数 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了模型特征提取能力 | 模型的颈部结构复杂 |
Table 8
Improved CenterNet object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 更换主干网络、添加注意力模块、修改损失函数、增加主干网络输出 | 无人机电力线巡检中绝缘子的检测 | 降低了模型参数和计算复杂度,使得网络更加轻量化 | 转置卷积的添加会延长模型的训练时间 |
[ | 数据集预处理、优化主干网络 | 无人机航拍影像中杂乱目标的检测 | 提升了对小目标的预测效果,并且对不同尺度的目标具有更强的鲁棒性 | 并行结构使得模型过于复杂 |
[ | 优化主干网络、添加注意力模块、改进检测头、修改激活函数 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了复杂背景下小目标的特征提取能力 | 添加的模块增加了模型的复杂度 |
[ | 数据集预处理、添加注意力模块、优化NMS方法 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 采用剪裁的方法对图像进行预处理,用于获取合适的输入尺寸 | 模型预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
Table 9
Improved FCOS object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 采用无锚框思想、增强特征融合、优化NMS方法 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了模型针对小目标的检测能力 | Soft-NMS中高斯惩罚函数的计算复杂 |
[ | 增加主干网络输出、改进检测头 | 无人机输电线路巡检中多尺度目标的检测 | 有助于充分利用语义信息和位置信息,提高了小目标的检测性能 | 添加的分支结构增加了模型的复杂度 |
[ | 优化NMS方法、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中车辆的检测 | 有助于抑制相互重叠的预测框,提高了模型的后处理能力 | Soft-NMS中高斯惩罚函数计算复杂 |
Table 10
Improved YOLOv4 object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 增大模型感受野、添加注意力模块、优化NMS方法 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 扩张了模型的感受野,有利于提取不同尺度的特征 | 空洞卷积的结果缺乏连续性 |
[ | 数据集预处理 | 用于处理无人机航拍影像模糊、曝光和噪声的问题 | 加强了模型的数据预处理能力,有效缓解了因数据量较少而造成的训练困难问题 | 模型预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
[ | 增加主干网络输出、扩大模型感受野、增强特征融合 | 无人机电力线巡检中防振锤故障的检测 | 有效增加了模型的感受野,融合了多种尺度大小的特征信息 | 空洞卷积的结果缺乏连续性 |
[ | 添加注意力模块、调整锚框参数 | 无人机电力线巡检中目标缺陷的检测 | 增强了模型的特征提取能力,获取了更加准确的锚框参数 | 注意力模块的添加增加了模型参数 |
[ | 更换主干网络、添加注意力模块、增强特征融合、调整学习率参数 | 无人机航拍影像中果树冠层的检测 | 有助于网络更好地聚焦于目标特征,增强了网络检测多尺度目标的能力 | 模型的颈部结构复杂 |
[ | 更换主干网络、简化颈部网络 | 无人机航拍影像中松材线虫病变树木的检测 | 降低了模型参数,提高了模型的检测速度 | 使用的深度可分离卷积会影响模型的检测精度 |
[ | 修改损失函数、简化网络结构、数据集预处理 | 无人机航拍影像中桥梁裂缝的检测 | 缓解了复杂背景带来的干扰,增强了多尺度目标检测的鲁棒性 | 剪枝算法会降低模型的检测精度 |
Table 11
Improved YOLOv5 object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 增强特征融合、添加注意力模块、修改损失函数 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了对不同尺度目标的检测精度,提高了网络的定位精度和收敛速度 | 使用的损失函数计算复杂 |
[ | 增加主干网络输出 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 提高了模型针对小目标的检测性能 | 模型颈部结构复杂 |
[ | 优化主干网络、添加注意力模块、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 有利于获取更加丰富的小目标位置信息和深层的语义信息 | 模型的预处理过程复杂、耗时,模型主干结构复杂 |
[ | 添加注意力模块、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 实现了浅层位置信息与深层抽象信息的高效融合 | 模型颈部结构复杂 |
[ | 添加注意力模块、优化主干网络、优化颈部网络 | 一种轻量级无人机航拍影像目标检测方法 | 提高了模型的特征表达能力,扩大了模型的感受野 | 添加的注意力模块和池化层增加了模型的复杂度 |
[ | 数据集预处理、增加主干网络输出、调整锚框参数、添加注意力模块、简化网络结构 | 无人机航拍影像中风力机叶片缺陷的检测 | 提高了模型针对小目标的检测性能 | 使用的K-Means算法容易使锚框参数限于局部最优解 |
[ | 更换主干网络 | 无人机航拍影像中风力机桨叶的检测与定位 | 减少参数数量,提升检测速度 | 模型的检测精度仍需提升 |
[ | 更换主干网络、优化颈部网络 | 无人机航拍影像中路面修复区域的检测 | 减少参数数量,提升检测速度 | 模型的检测精度仍需提升 |
[ | 优化主干网络、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中枯死树木的检测 | 减少模型参数,使其便于在智能终端上进行部署 | 使用的深度可分离卷积会影响模型的检测精度 |
[ | 增强特征融合、添加注意力模块、增加检测头数量 | 无人机航拍影像中玉米雄穗的检测 | 增强了模型多尺度特征融合的能力 | 模型检测头结构复杂 |
[ | 添加注意力模块、优化检测头、数据集预处理 | 无人机航拍影像中麦穗的检测与计数 | 有利于抑制复杂背景的干扰,提高模型的泛化能力和检测精度 | 模型的主干结构复杂,预处理过程复杂耗时 |
Table 12
Improved YOLOX object detection method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 添加注意力模块、调整输入图像分辨率大小、调整学习率参数 | 无人机电力线巡检中绝缘子的检测 | 增强了模型特征提取能力,提高了绝缘子检测的准确率 | 扩大输入图像的尺寸会增加模型的训练和预测时间 |
[ | 数据集预处理、添加注意力模块、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中麦穗的检测 | 有利于保留更多小目标的特征 | 模型预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
[ | 修改损失函数、添加注意力模块 | 无人机航拍影像中山体滑坡的检测 | 解决大小样本分布不均的问题,加强了特定区域的识别能力 | 添加的注意力模块增加了模型的复杂度 |
[ | 优化主干网络、添加注意力模块、数据集预处理 | 无人机航拍影像中烟雾的检测 | 增加了小目标样本的数量,提高了预测的可靠性 | 模型预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
Table 13
Improved SegNet semantic segmentation method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中路面破损的检测 | 有助于更好地利用浅层位置信息和深层语义信息,提高了特征图的分辨率 | 编码器和解码器结构复杂 |
[ | 修改激活函数、修改模型优化器、添加正则化操作 | 无人机航拍影像中果树冠层的检测 | 训练过程更稳定,收敛速度更快,鲁棒性更强,在不同光照条件下识别目标轮廓更精细 | Adam自适应优化器在深层网络中存在性能退化的问题 |
[ | 改进网络的输入 | 无人机航拍影像中向日葵倒伏状态的检测 | 改进后的模型适用于多波段图像的处理 | 添加的近红外波段输入会增加模型的运算量 |
[ | 降低模型复杂度、扩大模型感受野 | 无人机航拍影像中棉花的检测 | 降低了模型复杂度,提高了分割效率 | 空洞卷积的结果缺乏连续性 |
Table 14
Improved U-Net semantic segmentation method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 更换主干网络、数据集预处理 | 无人机航拍影像中海草分布的检测 | 验证了不同的归一化策略对模型的影响 | 增加了模型预处理的复杂度 |
[ | 对比不同各纹理参数在语义分割中的效果 | 无人机航拍影像中不同作物的检测 | 寻找最佳的输入光谱波段组合 | 增加的纹理参数会提升模型的计算复杂度 |
[ | 优化主干网络、增强特征融合 | 无人机航拍影像中棉花田地残留种植地膜的检测 | 降低了模型主干参数,提高了模型的检测速度 | 使用的Inception模块会降低模型的检测精度 |
[ | 优化主干网络、增大模型感受野 | 无人机航拍影像中小麦倒伏的检测 | 扩大了模型的感受野,保留了更多的语义信息,提高了分割精度 | 使用的密集连接模块结构冗余 |
Table 15
Improved Mask R-CNN semantic segmentation method for UAV aerial images in different scenarios
文献 | 改进策略 | 应用场景 | 贡献 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 优化主干网络、添加注意力模块、修改损失函数 | 无人机航拍影像中小目标的检测 | 有选择性地强调从彩色图像和冠层高度模型分支提取的加权特征 | 添加的注意力模块增加了模型的复杂度 |
[ | 更换主干网络 | 无人机航拍影像中建筑外墙裂缝的检测 | 防止了梯度消失,有利于增强网络的泛化性,加快网络的训练速度 | DenseNet模块结构冗余 |
[ | 数据集预处理 | 无人机航拍影像中桥梁裂缝、锈蚀和脱落病害的检测 | 提高了对裂缝的检测精度和召回率 | 模型预处理过程复杂、耗时 |
Table 16
Common UAV aerial image datasets
文献 | 图片数量/张 | 无人机飞行高度/m | 图像分辨率/像素 | 目标类别 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 61 896 | 100~120 | 1 920×1 080 | 汽车、自行车、卡车和公交车 |
[ | 3 647 | 30~80 | 1 280×720~3 840×2 160 | 人、滑板、游艇、浮标、帆船和皮划艇 |
[ | 1 000 | 5~80 | 1 280×720~3 000×4 000 | 公路、植被、行人、汽车、路灯和背景 |
[ | 8 000 | 10~30、30~70、70以上 | 1 080×540 | 汽车、卡车和公共汽车 |
[ | 68 750 | 30~40 | 4 000×3 000 | 行人 |
[ | 3 269 | 5~50 | 1 280×720 | 行人、自行车、汽车、无人机、轮船、动物、障碍物、建筑物、植被、公路、天空和背景 |
[ | 20 000 | 80 | 1 400×1 904 | 行人、骑自行车的人、汽车、玩滑板的人、高尔夫球车和公交车 |
[ | 1 573 | 40 | 1 000×600 | 汽车 |
[ | 10~45 | 3 840×2 160 | 走路、坐下、站立、奔跑、躺下、搬运、推搡、阅读、喝水、打电话、握手和拥抱 | |
[ | 1 981 | 5~50 | 1 000×1 000 | 奔跑、行走、站立、坐下和躺下 |
[ | 5~25 | 1 280×720 | 汽车、卡车、船舶、行人和飞机 | |
[ | 8 599 | 2 000×2 000 | 行人、人、汽车、货车、公交车、卡车、摩托车、自行车、带遮阳棚的三轮车和不带遮阳棚的三轮车 |
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