Table 1

Typical formulation of HIPEP

Fig.1

HAN-ECSP prepared by different processes［19］

Fig.2

3D printing of LP-ECSP［24］

Fig.3

Process of LP-ECSP by room-temperature method［25］

Table 2

Typical formulation of LP-ECSP

Table 3

Typical formulation of ADN-ECSP

Fig.4

Ignition process of HAN-ECSP at different pressures［45］

Fig.5

Electric ignition high-speed photography and schlieren images of LP-ECSP［46］

Fig.6

Burning rate fitting graph of HAN-ECSP［54］

Fig.7

Sequence of combustion flame of LP-ECSP［25］

Fig.8

Schlieren diagrams of ignition and extinction processes of LP-ECSP［46］

Fig.9

Schematic diagram of ion transport mechanism in PEO matrix［63］

Fig.10

Schematic diagram of electrolytic combustion mechanism of HAN-ECSP［36］

Fig.11

Schematic diagram of enhanced combustion mechanism of aluminum particles in HAN-ECSP［18］

Fig.12

Schematic diagram of ignition and combustion mechanism of LP-ECSP［49］

Fig.13

Schematic diagram of ignition combustion mechanism of ADN-ECSP［35］

Fig.14

Process of HAN-ECSP electrical decomposition for producing bubbles［72］

Fig.15

TG-DSC curves of HAN-ECSP［60］

Fig.16

Spatial structure of HAN［80］

Fig.17

TG-DSC curves for decomposition process of LP［93］

Fig.18

ECSP motor static firing［98］

Fig.19

Prototype structure based on layered electrode［41］

Fig.20

Prototype structure based on helical single-sided electrode［43］

Fig.21

Ignition of LP-ECSP small motor［95］

Fig.22

ECSP micro-thruster development plan of DSSP Company［98］

Fig.23

SpinSat satellite and its micro-thruster［100］

Fig.24

Electric-chemical multimode micro-thruster［109］

Fig.25

LP-ECSP micro-thruster［111］