Fig. 1

“Kun Lung” AG600 amphibious fire-fighting plane

Fig. 2

Amphibious fire-fighting aircraft simulation system

Fig. 3

Structure of fire-fighting flight simulation system

Fig. 4

Structure of pumping water extinguishing simulation task subsystem

Fig. 5

Visual simulation of forest fire situation

Fig. 6

Construction process of water pumping task simulation scenario

Fig. 7

Visual simulation of lake surface

Fig. 8

Visual simulation of water gliding for amphibious fire-fighting aircraft

Fig. 9

Schematic diagram of primary and secondary rupture of water body

Fig. 10

Schematic diagram of water distribution

Fig. 11

Visual simulation of water dropping process of fire-fighting aircraft

Fig. 12

Frame diagram of simulation scene of firefighting operation by fire-fighting aircraft

Fig. 13

Water distribution data processing process

Fig. 14

Calculation flow of fire extinguishing efficiency parameters

Fig. 15

Schematic diagram of water pumping operation by amphibious fire-fighting aircraft

Fig. 16

Fire extinguishing mode work flow［24］

Fig. 17

Procedure record of amphibious fire-fighting aircraft taking off from airport and performing water dropping task

Fig. 18

Task record of amphibious air tanker pumping process

Fig. 19

Water drop demonstration of an AG600 amphibious fire-fighting aircraft

Fig. 20

Water distribution results of water injection flight

Fig. 21

Water injection water distribution estimated by grid of water injection flight test

Fig. 22

Data distribution of 6 t of uniform water launching flight simulation under the condition of water launching speed of 61.4 m/s and altitude of 53 m

Fig. 23

Diagram of relationship between water efficiency parameters， water height and water speed in 12 t uniform casting mode

Fig. 24

Diagram of relationship between fire extinguishing efficiency parameters， water height and water speed in 6 t continuous dropping mode

Fig. 25

Diagram of relationship between fire extinguishing efficiency parameters， water height and water speed in 3 t continuous dropping mode

Table 1

Fitting results of three fire extinguishing efficiency parameters obtained by taking speed and height of water injection as independent variables under three water dropping modes