燃料电池无人机动力系统方案设计与试验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2018.21874

Abstract

Abstract: This paper focuses on system for fuel cell powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Three topological schemes of fuel cell power systems are designed as the pure fuel cell power system, the passive hybrid fuel cell/battery power system, and the active hybrid fuel cell/battery power system. With an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an integrated test platform for fuel cell power systems is established. The dynamic characteristics and startup characteristics of the fuel cell itself are experimentally investigated under stair-power load and pulsed-power load, respectively. With a typical mission profile of UAV, a comparative experimental study on passive and active hybrid fuel cell/battery power systems was carried out. Based on the test results, the characteristics of the three schemes are analyzed including the power flow, the voltage and current variations, the battery state of charge, and the hydrogen consumption. By comparison, the features of the three topological schemes are concluded. The results indicate that the pure fuel cell power system is more suitable for small UAVs with simple maneuver, the passive hybrid fuel cell/battery power system can support more complicated maneuver for small UAVs, the active hybrid fuel cell/battery power system can be applied to long endurance medium or large UAVs.

Key words: fuel cell, battery, hybrid power system, energy management, UAVs

CLC Number:

V237

ZHANG Xiaohui, LIU Li, Dai Yueling, SHEN Hui. Design and test of propulsion system for fuel cell powered UAVs[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2018, 39(8): 221874-221874.

References

[1] 杨慧君, 邓卫国, 关世义, 等.新型长航时燃料电池战术无人航空系统-XFC无人机[J].飞航导弹, 2014(7):32-38. YANG H J, DENG W G, GUAN S Y, et al. Novel long-endurance fuel cell tactical unmanned aerial system-XFC UAV[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2014(7):32-38(in Chinese).
[2] 马铁林, 郝帅, 甘文彪.氢动力超长航时无人机关键技术及研究进展[C]//2015年第二届中国航空科学技术大会, 2015. MA T L, HAO S, GAN W B. Review of key technologies for hydrogen energy powered long-endurane UAVs[C]//The 2nd China Aeronautical Science and Technology Conference, 2015(in Chinese).
[3] 杨明明. 燃料电池无人机电源管理系统的研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学, 2015. YANG M M. Research on power management system of fuel cell UAV[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Aerospace University, 2015(in Chinese).
[4] 李延平, 刘莉. 太阳能/氢能混合动力无人机及关键技术[J].飞航导弹, 2014(7):39-45. LI Y P, LIU L. Key technology of solar/hydrogen hybrid powered small-scale UAV[J]. Aerodynamic Missile Journal, 2014(7):39-45(in Chinese).
[5] 李延平. 太阳能/氢能混合动力小型无人机总体设计[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2014. LI Y P. Conceptual design for solar/hydrogen hybrid powered small-scale UAV[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2014(in Chinese).
[6] 刘莉, 杜孟尧, 张晓辉, 等. 太阳能/氢能无人机总体设计与能源管理策略研究[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(1):144-162. LIU L, DU M Y, ZHANG X H, et al. Conceptual design and energy management strategy for UAV with hybrid solar and hydrogen energy[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Atronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(1):144-162(in Chinese).
[7] ZHANG X H,LIU L,XU G T, et al. Energy management strategy of hybrid PEMFC-PV-Battery propulsion system for low altitude UAVs[C]//52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propul-sion Conference. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2016.
[8] SAVVARIS A, XIE Y, MALANDRAKIS K, et al. Development of a fuel cell hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle[C]//24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED), 2016:1242-1247.
[9] THOMAS B, BLAKE M, DAVID P, et al. Flight test results for a fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle[C]//45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2007:254-261.
[10] CHARLES C, CHRISTOPHER H, MAJ M, et al. Systems integration of a hybrid PEM fuel cell/battery powered endurance UAV[C]//46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2008.
[11] SWIDER-LYONS K E,MACKRELL J A,RODGERS J A, et al. Hydrogen fuel cell propulsion for long endurance small UAVs[C]//AIAA Centennial of Naval Aviation Forum "100 Years of Achievement and Progress". Reston, VA:AIAA, 2011.
[12] 祝彬, 陈笑南, 范桃英. 国外超高空长航时无人机发展分析[J]. 中国航天, 2013(11):28-32. ZHU B, CHEN X N, FAN T Y. Development analysis of HALE UAVs abroad[J]. Aerospace China, 2013(11):28-32(in Chinese).
[13] NEWS. NRL's Ion Tiger beats endurance record for small electric UAVs[J]. Fuel Cells Bulletin, 2013, 2013(6):5.
[14] BRADLEY T H. Modeling, design and energy management of fuel cell systems for aircraft[D]. Atlanta, GA:Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
[15] THOMAS B, BLAKE M, THOMAS, et al. Design studies for hydrogen fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicles[C]//26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2008.
[16] BRADLEY T H,MOFFITT B A,FULLER T F,et al. Comparison of design methods for fuel-cell-powered unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2009, 46(6):1945-56.
[17] MOFFITT B A. A methodology for the validated design space exploration of fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicles[D]. Atlanta, GA:Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
[18] THOMAS B, BLAKE M, DAVID P, et al. Energy management for fuel cell powered hybrid-electric aircraft[C]//7th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2009.
[19] KARUNARATHNE L,ECONOMOU J T,KNOWLES K. Fuzzy logic control strategy for fuel cell/battery aerospace propulsion system[C]//2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). Piscataway, NJ:IEEE Press, 2008:1-5.
[20] KARUNARATHNE L,ECONOMOU J T,KNOWLES K. Model based power and energy management system for PEM fuel cell/Li-Ion battery driven propulsion system[C]//IET Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2010). Stevenage:IET, 2010:1-6.
[21] KARUNARATHNE L,ECONOMOU J T,KNOWLES K. Power and energy management system for fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2012, 226(4):437-454.
[22] KARUNARATHNE L. An intelligent power management system for unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion applications[D]. Bedfordshire:Cranfield University, 2012.
[23] BRADLEY T H, MOFFITT B A, MAVRIS D N, et al. Hardware-in-the-loop testing of a fuel cell aircraft powerplant[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2011, 25(6):1336-1344.
[24] VERSTRAETE D, HARVEY J R, PALMER J L. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of fuel-cell-based hybrid-electrical uav propulsion[C]//28th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Brisbane:ICAS Secretariat, 2012:2662-74.
[25] VERSTRAETE D,LEHMKUEHLER K,GONG A, et al. Characterisation of a hybrid, fuel-cell-based propulsion system for small unmanned aircraft[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 250:204-211.
[26] VERSTRAETE D, GONG A, LU D D C, et al. Experimental investigation of the role of the battery in the aerostack hybrid, fuel-cell-based propulsion system for small unmanned aircraft systems[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(3):1598-606.
[27] GONG A, PALMER J L, BRIAN G, et al. Performance of a hybrid, fuel-cell-based power system during simulated small unmanned aircraft missions[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(26):11418-11426.
[28] HUNG J Y. Investigation of methods for increasing the energy efficiency on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)[D].Brisbane:Queensland University of Technology, 2011.
[29] HUNG J Y, GONZALEZ L F. On parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system for unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2012, 51:1-17.

Design and test of propulsion system for fuel cell powered UAVs

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Rui, ZHOU Zhou, GUO Ronghua, HUANG Yuechen. Multi-body dynamics simulation and experiment of solar-powered UAV parachute landing [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(8): 225721-225721.
[2]	ZHU Bingjie, YANG Xixiang, ZONG Jian'an, DENG Xiaolong. Review of distributed hybrid electric propulsion aircraft technology [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(7): 25556-025556.
[3]	BAI Chunyu, GUO Yazhou, LIU Xiaochuan, WANG Yafeng, WANG Jizhen, QIN Qinghua. Research progress of collision safety characteristics of civil light and small UAVs [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(6): 526832-526832.
[4]	SUN Qin, LI Hongxu, WANG Yuzhi, ZHOU Liping, ZHANG Yingchao. Resilient UAV swarm modeling and solving based on multi-domain collaborative method [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(5): 325340-325340.
[5]	FU Xiaowei, WANG Hui, XU Zhe. Cooperative pursuit strategy for multi-UAVs based on DE-MADDPG algorithm [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(5): 325311-325311.
[6]	XUE Zhentao, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Zichao, LIU Xuzan, MIAO Xiansheng, HU Gui. Multi-UAV coverage path planning based on optimization of convex division of complex plots [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(12): 325990-325990.
[7]	CHEN Weishi, HUANG Yifeng, CHEN Xiaolong, LU Xianfeng, ZHANG Jie. Development and applications of airport avian radar: Review [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(1): 24758-024758.
[8]	ZHAO Dongdong, ZHAO Guosheng, XIA Lei, FANG Chun, MA Rui, HUANGFU Yigeng. Modeling and control of fuel cell cathode gas supply system for UAV [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(7): 324659-324659.
[9]	LI Guanxiong, WANG Jingyu, WANG Yuntao. Parametric study on buoyancy-lifting aerial vehicle with low pressure energy storage method [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(7): 224438-224438.
[10]	LEI Tao, KONG Delin, WANG Runlong, LI Weilin, ZHANG Xiaobin. Evaluation and optimization method for power systems of distributed electric propulsion aircraft [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(6): 624047-624047.
[11]	XIANG Xiaojia, YAN Chao, WANG Chang, YIN Dong. Coordination control method for fixed-wing UAV formation through deep reinforcement learning [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(4): 524009-524009.
[12]	XIANG Qian, ZHANG Xiaohui, WANG Zhengping, LIU Li. Control method of small fuel cells for UAVs [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(3): 623960-623960.
[13]	FAN Zhenwei, YANG Fengtian, LI Yadong, XIANG Song, ZHAO Weiping. Design and test of two-seater electric aircraft [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(3): 623972-623972.
[14]	ZHANG Maoquan, CHEN Haixin. Estimated model of range and endurance of small electric UAVs [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(3): 625085-625085.
[15]	YANG Sen, ZHANG Xianglun. Energy optimized maneuver trajectory generation for unmanned aerial vehicles [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020, 41(S2): 724288-724288.