噪声足迹图是评估飞机对机场周边社区影响的重要手段。然而目前常用的NPD（Noise-Power-Ddistance）经验公式方法在评估单次飞行事件时，无法考虑矢量风对于噪声足迹图的影响，在实际应用中具有明显的局限性。为解决上述难题，在基于声线法的非均匀大气声传播预测模型基础上，考虑了地面反射效应以及近地风梯度对声传播的折射作用，实现了对不同风向下横向衰减的预测，最终建立了考虑矢量风工况下的噪声足迹图预测方法。经模型验证，该方法结果与文献中的实验数据具有良好一致性,并且相较于常用的网格方法在计算效率上有显著提升。研究结果表明，与无风工况相比，矢量风对声传播的横向衰减效应具有显著影响，这导致了噪声足迹图在滑跑及初始爬升阶段呈现明显的不对称性。本模型为更准确地评估不同气象条件下飞机噪声对临近社区的影响及机场周边的土地使用规划提供了有效工具。
Noise contours are essential tools for assessing the impact of aircraft noise on communities surrounding airports. However, the widely used Noise-Power-Distance (NPD) empirical formula fails to account for the influence of vector winds on noise contours during individual flight events, limiting its practical applicability. To address this challenge, we develop a predictive model for noise contours under vector wind conditions, based on a ray-tracing model for non-uniform atmospheric sound propagation. This model incorporates ground reflection effects and the refractive influence of near-surface wind gradients on noise propagation, enabling accurate predictions of lateral attenuation across different wind directions. Model validation demonstrates strong agreement with experimental data from the literature, while also showing significant improvements in computational efficiency compared to traditional grid-based methods. The results reveal that vector wind conditions significantly alter the atmospheric sound attenuation patterns, compared to windless conditions, leading to pronounced asymmetry in noise contours during aircraft taxiing and initial climb phases. This model provides an effective tool for enhancing the accuracy of noise impact assessments for nearby communities and supports land-use planning around airports under varying meteorological conditions.
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