针对高超声速飞行器雷电涂层设计需求，发展了雷击过程数值仿真方法，在局部热力学平衡条件下，采用自由能最小化法计算空气的热力学性质和输运性质，并考虑了焦耳加热、韧致辐射、短波长热辐射以及洛伦兹力对雷电通道的磁约束效应，研究了雷电通道的发展过程、通道热力学参数的变化以及激波发展过程。结果表明：该方法计算得到的激波发展过程与试验测量一致，激波波速衰减速率和激波超压衰减速率与理论预测结果一致，强、弱转换拐点前后的激波衰减特征分明。同时，基于该方法研究了热辐射效应、磁约束效应、雷电放电功率和放电时间对雷击过程的影响。

To meet the design requirements for lightning protection on hypersonic vehicles, a numerical simulation method for lightning strike processes was developed. Under local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, the thermodynamic and transport properties of air were calculated using the free energy minimization method. The effects of Joule heating, viscous radiation, short-wavelength thermal radiation, and the Lorentz force on the magnetic confinement of the lightning channel were considered. The development of the lightning channel, variations in the thermodynamic parameters of the channel, and the shock wave development process were investigated. The results show that the shock wave development process obtained from the numerical method aligns with experimental measurements. The shock wave velocity decay rate and overpressure decay rate match the theoretical predictions, with clear distinctions in shock wave attenuation characteristics before and after the transition point between strong and weak shocks. Additionally, the effects of thermal radiation, magnetic confinement, lightning discharge power, and discharge time on the lightning strike process were studied based on this method.