随着航空动力技术的不断演进，发动机的结构设计、材料选择及制造工艺三者协同发展，为发动机性能的提升提供了关键支撑。一代发动机，一代结构设计方法，一代材料与制造工艺。尤其是近年来，伴随着发动机需求的复杂化和多样化，新结构、新材料和新工艺逐渐呈现出跨代创新的发展趋势。本文对比了各代涡扇发动机在结构设计、材料应用及制造工艺方面的特点，深入剖析了未来新一代军用航空发动机的关键结构技术特征，即高结构效率整体式设计、高推进效率轻质化设计、长寿命高可靠结构设计，系统分析了新一代发动机所面临的空心点阵、拓扑优化、微纳仿生、耐高温/隐身/透波一体化多功能结构和变体结构等新结构应用需求，进而阐述了新一代航空发动机面临的新材料应用需求，包括超耐温结构材料、轻质高强材料、以及隐身材料、扭矩传递+电磁驱动的多功能一体化、负膨胀陶瓷材料、智能材料等新型功能材料，随后分析了航空发动机所需的激光加工、增材制造、微纳制造、智能制造等新工艺应用需求。本文旨在为航空发动机的未来发展提供了前瞻性参考与指导。

With the continuous evolution of aviation propulsion technology, the synergistic development of engine structural design, material selection, and manufacturing processes has provided critical support for enhancing engine performance. Each generation of engines corresponds to a unique generation of structural design methodologies, materials, and manufacturing techniques. In recent years, driven by the increasing complexity and diversification of engine requirements, groundbreaking innovations in structures, materials, and processes have emerged. This paper compares the structural design, material applications, and manufacturing processes across various generations of turbofan engines, and delves deeply into the key structural technological features of next-generation military aviation engines. These include high structural efficiency with integrated design, lightweight design for high propulsion efficiency, and long-life, highly reliable structural design. The study systematically analyzes the application demands of novel structures for next-generation engines, such as hollow lattice structures, topology optimization, micro/nano-scale biomimicry, and multifunctional structures integrating high-temperature resistance, stealth, and wave-transmission capabilities, as well as adaptive structures. Furthermore, the paper explores the material requirements for these future engines, highlighting advanced structural materials with ultra-high temperature resistance, lightweight and high-strength materials, stealth materials, multifunctional materials combining torque transmission with electromagnetic actuation, negative thermal expansion ceramics, and smart materials. In addition, it examines the manufacturing process demands, including laser machining, additive manufacturing, micro/nano manufacturing, and intelligent manufacturing technologies. This work aims to provide forward-looking insights and guidance for the future development of aviation engines.