飞机飞行过程中过冷水撞击低温表面结冰是典型的动态相变过程，形成的翼面冰内包含气泡孔隙，严重影响翼面冰力学性能。然而，现有研究对翼面冰力学性能的定量研究不足，难以为适航取证中翼面冰断裂脱落危害的评估提供依据。本文研究了过冷水滴撞击低温表面形成的翼面冰的力学性能，尤其是孔隙率、孔隙形状（以球度表征）等对其力学性能的影响。基于结冰风洞中模拟的实际飞行环境，针对不同马赫数（0.21-0.32）下的翼面冰样本，通过单轴压缩实验测量了其杨氏模量。结果表明，翼面冰的杨氏模量与孔隙率高度相关，孔隙率越高，杨氏模量各向异性表现越明显。本研究提出了一种基于孔隙率和孔隙球度的力学性能预测模型，能有效模拟不同结冰条件下的翼面冰杨氏模量变化。研究结果可为翼面冰的力学性能预测及断裂脱落危害评估提供理论支撑。
The ice formation caused by supercooled water droplets impacting low-temperature surfaces during aircraft flight is a typical dynamic phase transition process. The resulting wing ice contains air bubbles and pores, which significantly affect its mechanical properties. However, existing research lacks quantitative analysis of the mechanical performance of wing ice, making it difficult to support hazard assessment of ice fracture and shedding during airworthiness certifica-tion. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of wing ice formed by supercooled droplet impingement, par-ticularly focusing on the effects of porosity and pore morphology (characterized by sphericity). By simulating real-flight conditions in the icing wind tunnel, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on wing ice samples at various Mach numbers (0.21-0.33) to measure their Young's modulus. The results demonstrate that the Young's modulus of wing ice is highly correlated with porosity, showing increasingly pronounced anisotropy at higher porosity levels. A predictive model based on porosity and pore sphericity is proposed, effectively simulating Young's modulus variations under dif-ferent icing conditions. These findings provide theoretical support for predicting mechanical properties of wing ice and assessing fracture/shedding risks.
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