无人机卫星导航系统抗干扰技术综述

  • 陈秋实 ,
  • 高精隆 ,
  • 王萌 ,
  • 边文昆 ,
  • 韩昊峻
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  • 1. 空军工程大学
    2. 空军预警学院

收稿日期: 2025-01-13

  修回日期: 2025-03-26

  网络出版日期: 2025-03-31

Overview of anti-interference technology of unmanned aerial vehicle satellite navigation system

  • CHEN Qiu-Shi ,
  • GAO Jing-Long ,
  • WANG Meng ,
  • BIAN Wen-Kun ,
  • HAN Hao-Jun
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Received date: 2025-01-13

  Revised date: 2025-03-26

  Online published: 2025-03-31

摘要

无人机技术的迅猛发展促使其在军事、民用等领域应用不断拓展,逐渐成为推动低空经济发展的强劲引擎。其中,卫星导航系统是为无人机提供精准定位与导航信息的核心器件,然而,由于卫星导航系统的脆弱性,常面临复杂电磁环境带来的严峻挑战,致使无人机失去定位能力或偏离预定航线,严重威胁飞行安全和任务成功率。为此,本文系统地梳理了无人机卫星导航系统抗干扰技术的研究现状。首先,从无人机面临的主要导航干扰入手,深入剖析了压制干扰和欺骗干扰对无人机导航系统的影响。其次,详细归纳总结了无人机卫星导航终端的抗干扰方法。针对抗压制干扰,重点探讨了接收天线端、射频前端和信号处理端的技术进展,在抗欺骗干扰方面,分析了增强接收处理能力和采用先进算法检测抑制欺骗干扰的方法。此外,还研究了拒止环境下无人机导航抗干扰方法,包括惯性导航、视觉导航、天文导航、超宽带、磁场导航、雷达导航以及多信息融合导航技术等。并且针对多无人机集群编队导航,探讨了机间协同抗干扰和系统改进抗干扰的方法,以提升整个无人机群体的抗干扰能力。同时,进一步指出目前面临的问题,展望未来研究趋势及技术发展方向。本文的研究成果不仅为无人机导航抗干扰技术的持续进步提供了参考,也为相关领域的学术探索和工程实践提供了思路,具有重要的理论及实践价值。

本文引用格式

陈秋实 , 高精隆 , 王萌 , 边文昆 , 韩昊峻 . 无人机卫星导航系统抗干扰技术综述[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31797

Abstract

The rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has led to its continuous expansion in military and civilian fields, gradually becoming a powerful engine driving the development of low-altitude economy. Among them, the satellite navigation system is the core component that provides precise positioning and navigation information for UAVs. However, due to the vulnerability of the satellite navigation system, it often faces severe challenges brought by complex elec-tromagnetic environments, causing UAVs to lose their positioning ability or deviate from the planned route, seriously threat-ening flight safety and mission success rate. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the research status of anti-jamming technology for UAV satellite navigation systems. Firstly, starting from the main navigation interferences faced by UAVs, it deeply analyzes the impact of oppressive interference and deception interference on UAV navigation systems. Secondly, it comprehensively summarizes the anti-jamming methods of UAV satellite navigation terminals. Regarding anti- oppressive interference, it focuses on discussing the technological progress at the receiving antenna end, radio frequency front end, and signal processing end. In terms of anti-deception interference, it analyzes the methods of enhancing receiving processing capabilities and using advanced algorithms to detect and suppress deception interference. In addition, it also studies the anti-jamming methods for UAV navigation in denied environments, including inertial navigation, visual navigation, celestial nav-igation, ultra-wideband, magnetic field navigation, radar navigation, and multi-information fusion navigation technologies. Moreover, for the formation navigation of multi-UAV clusters, the methods of inter-UAV cooperative and system improve-ment were explored to enhance the anti-interference capability of the entire UAV group. At the same time, it further points out the current problems and looks forward to future research trends and technological development directions. The research results of this paper not only provide a reference for the continuous progress of UAV navigation anti-jamming technology, but also offer ideas for academic exploration and engineering practice in related fields, having significant theoretical and practical value.

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