作为目前应用最为广泛的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)高精度定位技术,针对实时动态相对定位(RTK)完好性的研究一直是工业界和学术界的研究热点所在,也是决定其能否用于自动驾驶等生命安全相关领域的难点问题。然而,目前对RTK完好性的研究主要停留在概念讨论及用户端算法层面,存在性能指标界定不清晰以及算法复杂不具有普适性等问题,同时缺乏系统性的分析框架和解决方案。本文通过对航空领域各类增强系统的研究,发现其完好性解决方案涉及需求分析、风险源分析、完好性指标分配、监测方案设计、验证方案设计等多个环节。其中,完好性指标分配环节承接用户需求和监测器性能要求,涉及总体分析流程和框架的建立,是后续进行具体监测器设计及验证的基础,也是整体完好性解决方案的核心。为此,本文借鉴地基增强系统(GBAS)中风险分配流程,提出了RTK完好性指标分配方法,推导出适用于卡尔曼滤波器的最大可允许测量误差(MERR)计算公式,从概率指标和误差界限两个层面给出完整的指标分配方案。本文所提方法和分配示例能为RTK服务提供商构建完好性解决方案以及推进相关服务性能规范的建设提供理论支持与数据参考。
As the most widely used high-precision positioning technology of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the research on the integrity of Real-Time Kinematic relative positioning (RTK) remains a hot topic in the industry and academia area, and it is also a difficult problem that determines whether it can be used in life safety-related fields such as autonomous driving. However, current research on RTK integrity mainly focuses on the level of conceptual discussion and user-end algorithms, resulting in problems such as unclear definition of performance indicators and complex algorithms that makes these algorithms not universal, and also lacks of systematic analysis framework and solutions. Through the study of various augmentation systems in the aviation field, this paper finds that its integrity solution involves multiple stages such as demand analysis, risk source analysis, integrity indicator allocation, monitoring scheme design, and verification scheme design. Among them, the integrity indicator allocation stage undertakes user needs and monitor performance requirements, involving the establishment of an overall analysis process and framework, remaining the basis for subsequent specific monitor design and verification, and thus becomes the core of the overall integrity solution. To this end, this paper draws on the risk indicator allocation process in the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) then proposes an RTK integrity indicator allocation method, deriving the Maximum Allowable Measurement Error (MERR) calculation formula appli-cable to the Kalman filter, and giving a complete indicator allocation scheme from the two levels of probability indicator and error limit. The method and allocation example proposed in this paper can provide theoretical support and data reference for RTK service providers to build integrity solutions and promote the construction of relevant service performance specifications.