机载液氢燃料储供系统的发展现状与趋势展望

  • 谢秀娟 ,
  • 杨少柒 ,
  • 郭梁 ,
  • 贾启明 ,
  • 陈烨 ,
  • 谢秀娟
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  • 中国科学院理化技术研究所

收稿日期: 2024-12-18

  修回日期: 2025-02-27

  网络出版日期: 2025-02-28

Development and trend prospects of airborne liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system

  • XIE Xiu-Juan ,
  • YANG Shao-Qi ,
  • GUO Liang ,
  • JIA Qi-Ming ,
  • CHEN Ye ,
  • XIE Xiu-Juan
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Received date: 2024-12-18

  Revised date: 2025-02-27

  Online published: 2025-02-28

摘要

近些年,我国低空经济快速发展,氢动力飞机作为一种绿色动力源,具有较高的比能量和几乎零排放的优势,有望成为航空领域的未来主导趋势。液氢具有储氢密度高、安全性好等优势,机载液氢燃料储供系统作为氢动力飞机的关键系统之一,本文综述了其发展现状与未来趋势。氢动力飞机分为氢燃烧和氢燃料电池两种类型,文中首先介绍了其发展现状。并且,重点论述机载液氢燃料储供系统关键部件的研制与集成,具体包括液氢储罐、液氢增压泵、换热器等。在此基础上,通过关键核心技术识别和优化,凝炼得到机载液氢燃料储供系统所涉及五大关键核心技术,具体包括机载液氢储罐高质量储氢比及高效存储技术、机载液氢燃料储供系统轻量化技术、机载液氢燃料储供系统布局优化技术、供氢动态匹配控制技术以及液氢冷能综合调控技术。以上关键核心技术突破有望提高氢动力飞机的经济性和实用性,并强调其对推动低空经济以及航空业绿色转型的重要性。

本文引用格式

谢秀娟 , 杨少柒 , 郭梁 , 贾启明 , 陈烨 , 谢秀娟 . 机载液氢燃料储供系统的发展现状与趋势展望[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31682

Abstract

In recent years, China's low altitude economy has rapidly developed. As a green power source, hydrogen-powered aircraft, with the advantages of high specific energy and almost zero emissions, is rapidly becoming the dominant trend in the aviation field in the future. Liquid hydrogen has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density and good safety. The airborne liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system is one of the key systems for hydrogen-powered aircraft, which is present an overview of the cur-rent state and future prospects in this paper. Firstly, hydrogen-powered aircraft can be categorized into two main types: those utilizing hydrogen fuel cell power and those employing hydrogen combustion engines, the development of which is outlined. Then, the development and integration of key equipment of the airborne liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system is fo-cused, specifically involving liquid hydrogen storage tanks, liquid hydrogen pumps and heat exchangers etc. Through the identi-fication and optimization, five key core technologies are mainly induced, including high-quality hydrogen storage ratio and effi-cient storage technology for airborne liquid hydrogen storage tanks, lightweight technology and layout optimization technology for airborne liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply systems, dynamic matching control technology for hydrogen supply, and comprehensive regulation technology for liquid hydrogen cold energy. The breakthroughs of above key core technologies are expected to improve the economy and practicality of hydrogen powered aircraft. Their importance in promoting low altitude economy and the green transformation of the aviation industry is emphasized.

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