随着全球航空出行需求的增长以及科学技术的进步，超声速客机的复兴已成为航空工业的重要发展趋势。为拓展市场需求并实现商业化成功，新一代超声速客机不仅要具备低声爆特性，还应满足客机的主要设计指标。本研究首先验证了流动与声爆数值计算方法，其中包括团队自主开发的远场声爆预测程序，并提出了一种基于目标近场信号的低声爆反设计方法。随后围绕超声速客机商业运营中遇到的挑战，确定了远程超声速客机的主要设计指标，开展了气动布局的选择和参数计算，并运用基于目标截面积的反设计方法获得了一种初始方案。进一步运用基于目标近场信号的反设计方法改进了初始方案的气动外形，具体措施包括中机身反弯设计，以及静音锥和声爆控制鼓包的应用，成功减小了地面声爆。对改进后的方案开展了气动特性评估，发现方案基本满足性能指标，同时识别出纵向气动力非线性强、大迎角航向静稳定性不足、大侧滑角进气畸变强等需要在未来研制过程中关注的问题，为后续优化设计提供了研究平台与方向。
With the growth of people's demand and the progress of science and technology, the return of supersonic passen-ger aircrafts has become a trend. In order to expand the market demand, the new generation of supersonic airliners should have low sonic boom characteristics, and at the same time ensure that the main functions and design specs of the airliners are satisfied. Therefore, an attempt is made to apply a low-boom aerodynamic design to a long-range supersonic airliner and evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of the scheme. Firstly, the flow and sonic boom calculation methods are verified, including a domestic boom prediction program, and a low-boom inverse design method based on the targeted near-field signals is proposed for the subsequent design. Based on the consideration of past supersonic airliners, the main design specs of long-range supersonic airliners are proposed, and layout se-lection and parameter calculations are carried out to provide constraints for the application of low-boom design. An inverse design method based on targeted cross-sectional area was utilized to obtain an initial solution, which was evaluated and found to have a strong sonic boom. Subsequently, an inverse design method based on targeted near-field signals was applied to improve the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft, specifically including the mid-fuselage curvature, the addition of a quiet spike and a sonic boom control bump, which successfully lower the sonic boom. The aerodynamic characteristics of the resulting configuration were evaluated, and it was found that the con-figuration basically meets the loading and performance specifications, while problems such as weak static stability at large angles of attack, and large intake distortion at large side-slip angles, which need to be paid attention to in the future development, were also identified.
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