激波与边界层干扰（SWBLI）广泛存在于高速飞行器内外流场中，具有多尺度、非线性、非定常等特征，引起局部热流和压力的跃升，给流场品质及结构强度带来影响。详细探讨了激波与边界层干扰的波系结构特征与壁面压升规律，通过对几种典型场景下的激波结构分析，加深对这类复杂流动的机理认识。首先，简述了无黏激波反射理论、自由干扰理论、最小黏性耗散准则等理论模型的研究进展；随后，对比了基于边界层结构与基于激波干扰结构的两种建模思想；最后，着重阐述了最小熵增准则在求解激波与边界层干扰复杂流动问题中的应用。结果表明：最小熵增准则（MEP）作为热力学第二定律的延伸，应用于含分离流动的复杂激波干扰流场时具有较大的优势，在激波结构、压升规律的分析和预测方面表现出与试验结果较好的一致性，为激波与边界层干扰相关的基础科学问题提供了新的解决思路。

Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interactions （SWBLI） are prevalent in both internal and external flow fields of high-speed vehicles， characterized by multi-scale， nonlinear， and unsteady phenomena. These interactions lead to significant local increases in heat flux and pressure， which impact the flow quality and structural integrity of the vehicle. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the shock structure characteristics and wall pressure rise behavior induced by SWBLI. By analyzing the shock structures in several representative scenarios， the underlying mechanisms of such complex flows are explored. Firstly， the progress of key theoretical models， including the inviscid shock reflection theory， free interaction theory， and minimal viscous dissipation， is reviewed. Subsequently， a comparative analysis is made between two predominant modeling approaches： one is based on boundary layer structures， and the other is based on shock wave interaction structures. Finally， the application of the principle of Minimum Entropy Production （MEP）， an extension of the second law of thermodynamics， to SWBLI-related complex flow fields is discussed. The results indicate that the MEP principle offers substantial advantages when applied to SWBLI flows involving separation. The results obtained using the principle exhibits a high degree of agreement with experimental results in analysis and prediction of both shock structure and pressure rise， thus providing a novel perspective for addressing the fundamental scientific challenges associated with SWBLI.