随着工业4.0与智能制造的兴起，数字孪生技术得到了日益重视和快速发展。本文以构建复杂系统的数字孪生为研究目的，提出了一种数字孪生的设计结构和一种数字孪生的概念建模方法。本文提出的数字孪生设计架构基于数字孪生的三维模型，详细描述了目标实物、数据和模型之间的双向映射关系以及数字孪生模型的演进过程。本文在对象过程方法的基础上，拓展了对象与过程的性质，构建了数字孪生的最小通用本体。本文以无人飞行器电推进系统为例，构建了该系统的概念模型并详细描述了该系统的组成、行为、性能等，取得了良好的效果。

Amid the emergence of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing, digital twin technology has garnered significant attention and undergone swift advancement. This paper presents a design framework for digital twins, along with a conceptual modeling approach tailored to this technology. The proposed digital twin design architecture is anchored in the 3D model, offering a comprehensive elaboration of the bidirectional mapping relationship between the target object, pertinent data, and the model. Additionally, it delves into the evolutionary trajectory of the digital twin. Lever-aging the object-process methodology, this study extends the attributes of objects and processes, ultimately formu-lating the minimal general ontology for digital twins. To illustrate our approach, we employ the unmanned aerial ve-hicle electric propulsion system as a case study. Through this lens, we establish a conceptual model of the system, providing an in-depth account of its composition, behavior, and performance. The outcomes obtained are promising.