随着碳排放政策日趋严格，航空绿色出行已成为民机设计新目标之一，传统能源的民航发动机效率提升空间有限，很难大幅减少碳排放量，采用新能源的设计方案成为当下研究的热点。给出了氢涡扇、氢燃料电池、纯电飞机航程的影响因素并加以分析。氢涡扇飞机航程随着储氢系统质量占比、储氢质量分数增大而增大，在当前储氢质量分数为15%的条件下，液氢涡扇飞机（升阻比为17，使用空机质量占比为0.6）最大航程能到3 800 km；在储氢质量分数为32%~36%的条件下，液氢涡扇飞机将与燃油飞机具有同等航程能力。氢燃料电池飞机航程随着氢燃料电池功率密度增大而增大，航程随着飞行速度增大而减小，在当前储氢质量分数为15%、氢燃料电池功率密度为2 kW/kg的条件下，氢燃料电池支线和窄体飞机（升阻比为17，使用空机质量占比为0.6）最大航程能到4 000 km，但难以实现高速飞行；当氢燃料电池功率密度增加至3 kW/kg时，飞机将具备巡航马赫数为0.75的飞行能力。纯电飞机航程随着升阻比、电池能量密度、电池质量占比增大而线性增大，在当前电池能量密度为200 W·h/kg的条件下，纯电通航飞机（升阻比取较优值18，使用空机重量占比为0.6）最大航程能到200~300 km；在电池能量密度为500 W·h/kg的条件下，最大航程能到700 km。

With the increasingly strict carbon emission policy， green air travel has become one of the new goals of civil aircraft design. The efficiency of civil aircraft engines with traditional energy is limited， making it difficult to significantly reduce carbon emissions. Therefore， design schemes of new energy have become a hot research topic. The factors affecting the range of hydrogen turbofan， hydrogen fuel cell and fully electric aircraft are summarized. The range of hydrogen turbofan aircraft （lift-drag ratio is 17， operating empty weight fraction is 0.6） increases with the increase of hydrogen tank system mass fraction and hydrogen storage mass fraction. Under the current hydrogen storage mass fraction of 15%， the maximum range of hydrogen turbofan civil aircraft can reach 3 800 km. When the hydrogen storage mass fraction reaches 32%–36%， the hydrogen turbofan civil aircraft will achieve the same range as the fuel aircraft. The range of hydrogen fuel cell aircraft （lift-drag ratio is 17， operating empty weight fraction is 0.6） increases with the increase of hydrogen fuel cell power density， and the range decreases with the increase of flight speed.Under the current conditions of hydrogen storage mass fraction of 15% and hydrogen fuel cell power density of 2 kW/kg， the maximum range of hydrogen fuel cell regional and narrow-body aircraft can reach 4 000 km， though achieving high-speed flight remains challenging. When the hydrogen fuel cell power density increases to 3 kW/kg， the aircraft will be able to cruise at Mach number 0.75.The range of fully electric aircraft （good lift-drag ratio is 18， operating empty weight fraction is 0.6） increases linearly with the increase of lift-drag ratio， battery energy density and battery mass fraction. Under the current battery energy density of 200 W·h/kg， the maximum range of the fully electric aircraft can reach 200–300 km. When the battery energy density reaches 500 W·h/kg， the maximum range can reach 700 km.