随着碳排放政策日趋严格，航空绿色出行成为民机设计新目标之一，传统能源的民航发动机效率提升空间有限，很难大幅减少碳排放，采用新能源的设计方案，成为当下研究的热点。本文给出了氢涡扇、氢燃料电池、锂电飞机航程的影响因素分析。纯电飞机航程随着升阻比、电池能量密度、电池质量系数增大而线性增大；在当前电池能量密度200w·h/kg条件下，纯电通航飞机有效航程最大能到200~300km，电池能量密度500w·h/kg，最大航程能到720km；液氢涡扇飞机航程随着储氢系统重量占比、储氢质量分数增大而增大，在当前储氢质量分数15%条件下，纯氢干线飞机最大航程能到3800km。储氢质量分数达到32%~36%，液氢涡扇飞机将与燃油飞机具有同等航程能力；氢燃料电池飞机航程随着氢燃料电池功率密度增大而增大，航程随着飞行速度增大而减小。在当前储氢质量分数15%、氢燃料电池功率密度2kw/kg条件下，氢燃料电池支线和窄体飞机最大航程能到4000km，但难以实现高速飞行。当燃料电池功率密度增加至3kw/kg，飞机将具备0.75巡航马赫数的飞行能力。
With the increasingly strict carbon emission policy, green air travel has become one of the new goals of civil aircraft design. The improvement of aerodynamic efficiency and structural efficiency of the traditional layout of civil aircraft is limited, so it is difficult to achieve greater carbon reduction. The design scheme of new energy has become a hot spot of current research. This paper summarizes the factors affecting the range of hydrogen turbofan, hydrogen fuel cell and lithium electric aircraft. The range of pure electric aircraft increases linearly with the increase of lift-to-drag ratio, battery energy density and battery weight fraction.At present, the energy density of the battery is about 200W·h / kg, and the maximum range of the electric aircraft can reach 200 ~ 300km.When the battery energy density reaches 500W·h / kg, the maximum range can reach 720km. The range of liquid hydrogen turbofan aircraft increases with the increase of hydrogen tank system weight fraction and hydrogen storage fraction. Under the current hydrogen storage fraction of 15 %, the maximum range of liquid hydrogen jet aircraft can reach 3800 km. When the hydrogen storage fraction reaches 32 % ~ 36 %, the liquid hydrogen turbofan aircraft will have the same range as the fuel aircraft. The range of hydrogen fuel cell aircraft increases with the increase of hydrogen fuel cell power density, and the range decreases with the increase of flight speed.Under the current conditions of hydrogen storage fraction of 15 % and hydrogen fuel cell power density of 2kw / kg, the maximum range of hydrogen fuel cell regional and narrow-body aircraft can reach 4000 km, but it is difficult to achieve high-speed flight. When the fuel cell power density increases to 3kw / kg,the aircraft will be able to cruise at Mach 0.75 .
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