在航空运输中，2岁及以上儿童可以使用航空安全带进行约束，但航空安全带是为成年乘员设计的，对2岁及以上儿童的保护效果仍待研究。针对航空安全带、CARES和儿童座椅3种约束系统，通过滑台试验评估不同种类的约束系统对儿童的保护效果及后排乘员影响。结果表明：航空安全带保护效果较差，儿童假人头部会撞击前排椅背，颈、胸部具有损伤风险。CARES配合航空安全带使用，与航空座椅兼容性较高，头、颈、胸、腹部损伤数据均低于损伤判据。前向儿童座椅对儿童的保护效果优于航空安全带和CARES，但存在安装困难等问题；固定儿童座椅的安全带预紧力越大，对儿童的保护效果越好；后排乘员对前排儿童座椅的保护效果影响较小。另外，使用儿童座椅会提升航空座椅椅背刚度，增加后排乘员的头部损伤风险，而对颈部损伤影响较小。同时，使用儿童座椅对后排乘员头部损伤的影响与座椅间距有关。

In air transportation， children aged 2 and above can use aviation seat belts for restraint； however， these seat belts are designed for adult passengers， and their protective effects on children aged 2 and above still need to be studied. This study focuses on three types of restraint systems-aviation seat belts， Child Aviation Restraint System and child seats， and evaluates the protective effects of different types of restraint systems on children and their impact on rear passengers through sled tests. The results show that the protective effect of aviation seat belts is poor， and the head of the child dummy will hit the back of the front seat backrest， posing risks of injury to the neck and chest. When used in conjunction with aviation safety belts， CARES demonstrates higher compatibility with aviation seats， with lower injury data for the head， neck， chest， and abdomen compared to injury criteria. Despite better protection for children provided by the forward facing child seat than aviation seat belts and CARES， there are installation difficulties and other issues. Larger pre-tensioning force of the safety belt that secures the child seat produces better protective effect on children， and the rear passengers have little influence on the protection effect of the front child seat. However， using child seats can strengthen the stiffness of the aviation seat back， thus increasing the risk of head injuries for rear passengers， though with a relatively small impact on neck injury. Meanwhile， the impact of using child seats on head injuries of rear passengers is related to the distance between the seats.