先进的热防护系统是高速飞行器实现安全飞行的重要系统。随着热防护用复合材料体系的发展，防隔热一体化的功能梯度型复合材料逐步得到应用，实现防热、隔热性能的按需定制与协同设计。针对防隔热一体化复合材料结构件，发展了高马赫数气动热环境/功能梯度结构热响应紧耦合计算方法，开展了典型状态下内嵌功能梯度材料的复合防热结构的高速可压缩流动/传热耦合模拟，并对内嵌分层温度传感器的功能梯度材料试件进行了石英灯红外加热实验，获得了复合防热结构耦合传热特性的影响规律，分析了结构梯度特性对飞行器气动热载的调控机制。研究发现，在高马赫气流条件下，防隔热梯度材料能够较好地调控热量在防热结构内部的输运过程，既可以防止表面瞬时超耐温极限而导致热损伤，又可实现结构内部温度均匀变化从而避免热失配，达到防隔一体、内外兼顾的综合效果。

Advanced thermal protection system is an important part for safe flight of high-speed aircraft. With the development of composite material system for thermal protection， functional gradient composite materials with integrated thermal protection/insulation have been gradually applied to realize on-demand customization and collaborative design of thermal protection and thermal insulation properties. A tight coupling computation method for high Mach number aerothermal environment and thermal response of functionally gradient structure was developed for integrated thermal insulation composite structures. High-speed compressible flow/heat transfer coupling simulation of composite thermal structures with functionally gradient materials embedded was carried out under typical conditions. The infrared heating experiment of quartz lamp was carried out by testing functional gradient material with embedded layered temperature sensors. The influence of coupled heat transfer characteristics of composite thermal structures was obtained. The regulation mechanism of structural gradient characteristics on aerodynamic thermal load of aircraft was analyzed. It was found that under the condition of high Mach number air flow， the thermal insulation gradient material can better regulate the heat transport process inside the thermal insulation structure， which can not only prevent the instantaneous surface from exceeding the temperature limit to cause thermal damage， but also achieve uniform changes in the internal temperature of the structure to avoid thermal mismatch.