仿生覆羽控制分离剪切流动相干结构试验
收稿日期: 2024-02-03
修回日期: 2024-03-11
录用日期: 2024-04-03
网络出版日期: 2024-04-19
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(12372278);翼型、叶栅空气动力学国家级重点实验室稳定支持经费项目(61422010301);气动噪声控制重点实验室开放课题(ANCL20230108);西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题(TPL2306);中德合作研究小组计划(GZ1575)
Test on controlling coherent structure of separated shear flow by bionic coverts
Received date: 2024-02-03
Revised date: 2024-03-11
Accepted date: 2024-04-03
Online published: 2024-04-19
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12372278);the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research(61422010301);the Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control(ANCL20230108);the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System(TPL2306);the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion-Mobility Program(GZ1575)
猫头鹰翅膀上翼面的柔性锯齿形覆羽具有优良的控制流动分离、抑制涡流噪声的效果。通过风洞试验研究了柔性锯齿形覆羽结构控制平面后台阶下游的平行剪切流动中大尺度相干结构的效果。试验中分别采用不同厚度的覆羽装置安装在后台阶流动分离处，随气流自适应振动，采用单丝热线风速仪分别测量流向、法向和展向的速度信号，将控制工况和干净台阶工况的时域和频域结果等进行对比分析。试验结果表明，不同厚度的覆羽装置均有控制平行剪切流动分离、降低湍流脉动强度、抑制剪切层中大尺度相干结构生成的作用。其中，0.2 mm厚度的覆羽在剪切层流动驱动下进行微小振动，受扰动的分离区长度减小约20%，剪切层中心湍流脉动强度降低约30%。小波分析显示，自适应振动具有“振动-梳理”后台阶下游剪切层流动、抑制展向高低速条带结构的生成、降低低频大尺度相干结构占比的作用。研究结果证实了鸟类柔性锯齿形覆羽自适应振动对分离剪切层流动的控制效果，揭示了控制流动分离、抑制涡流噪声的力学机理。
刘一宏 , 马兴宇 , 潘家腾 , 姜楠 . 仿生覆羽控制分离剪切流动相干结构试验[J]. 航空学报, 2024 , 45(23) : 630284 -630284 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30284
The flexible serrated coverts on the upper wing of the owl play an effective role in controlling flow separation and reducing acoustic noise. In this paper， wind tunnel experiments were conducted to study the flow control effectiveness of the flexible serrated coverts structures on the large-scale coherent structures in the parallel shear flow downstream of backward-facing step. In the experiment， the bionic coverts of different thicknesses were installed on the step edge， and were driven to adaptively flutter by the air flow. The turbulent velocity in the downstream were measured by the hot wire anemometer， and the coherent features were analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. The results show that the coverts of different thicknesses were capable of controlling flow separation， reducing turbulent fluctuation intensity， and suppressing the generation of the large-scale coherent structures within the shear layer. Among them， the coverts of 0.2 mm show the most effective results， which reduced the separation length by approximately 20% and decreased the turbulent intensity peaks by approximately 30%. Furthermore， wavelet analysis shows that adaptive fluttering motions had the effect of “fluttering-combing” the separated shear layer downstream of backward-facing step， suppressing the spanwise generation of high- and low-speed streaks， and reducing the proportion of low-frequency large-scale coherent structures. The experimental study shows the flow control effect of flexible serrated coverts of birds， and reveals the underlying mechanism of flow separation control and acoustic noise reduction.
Key words： bionics; covert; flow control; separated shear layer; coherent structure
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