论文针对燃料电池/锂电池混合电动无人机电推进能源系统稳定性问题开展分析。依据无人机直流微网架构确定了电推进系统带恒功率负载的稳定边界条件，并对燃直流微电网系统进行功率优化控制。根据燃料电池无人机典型飞行任务剖面，采用燃料电池/锂电池并联式混合电源作为电推进系统的供电单元，基于机载电推进恒功率负载的负阻抗特性，开展直流微电网系统小信号和大信号稳定性分析。利用混合势函数法得到电源系统稳定边界条件，通过增加超级电容提高系统大信号稳定域。为了优化控制系统功率响应，设计了基于规则状态机的能量管理策略，推导出系统稳定边界条件与功率优化控制之间的约束关系。搭建数字仿真模型和设计半物理实时仿真验证平台，仿真结果表明所提出的增加虚拟电阻与超级电容的控制方法，具有较好的系统稳定性和功率优化控制效果。
The paper analyzes the stability issues of the fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid electric propulsion energy system for UAVs. Based on the UAV's DC microgrid architecture, the stable boundary conditions with constant power load for the electric propulsion system are determined, and power optimization control is carried out for the DC microgrid system. According to the typical flight mission profiles of fuel cell UAVs, a fuel cell/lithium battery parallel hybrid power source is used as the power supply unit for the electric propulsion system. Based on the negative impedance characteristics of the onboard electric propulsion constant power load, small signal and large signal stability analyses of the DC microgrid system are conducted. The stable boundary conditions of the power supply system are obtained using the hybrid potential function method, and the system's large signal stability domain is improved by adding supercapacitor. To optimize the power response of the control system, an energy management strategy based on a rule-based state machine is designed, and the constraint relationship between the stable boundary conditions and power optimization control is derived. A digital simulation model is built, and a semi-physical real-time simulation verification platform is designed. Simulation results show that the proposed control method of adding virtual resistance and supercapacitor has good system stability and power optimization control effects.
[1]陈培儒.电推进飞机:开启航空业的新时代[J].大飞机, 2018, 7(11):44-48
[2]Gong A, Verstraete D.Fuel cell propulsion in small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles: Current status and research needs[J].International Journal of Hydrogen En-ergy, 2017, 42(33):21311-21333
[3]Gong, A., & Verstraete, D. Design and bench test of a fuel-cell/battery hybrid UAV propulsion system using metal hydride hydrogen storage. AIAA-2017-4867[R]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 2017.
[4]杨慧君, 邓卫国, 关世义等.新型长航时燃料电池战术无人航空系统——无人机[J].飞航导弹, 2014, No.355(07):32-38
[5]Sungmin K, Jungwoo S.Projection of fuel cell electric vehicle demand reflecting the feedback effects between market conditions and market share affected by spatial factors[J].Energy Policy, 2022, 50(173):1-11
[6]Manickavasagam K, Thotakanama N and Puttaraj V.Intelligent energy management system for renewable en-ergy driven ship[J].IET Electrical Systems in Transpor-tation,, 2019, 9(1):24-44
[7]Farajollahia A, Rostamia M and Marefati M.A hybrid-electric propulsion system for an unmanned aerial vehicle based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell, battery, and electric motor[J].Energy Sources, 2022, 44(1):934-950
[8]Zhao H, Jiang X, He L, et al.Energy Management Strat-egy for Hybrid-Electric Propulsion UAVs[J]. 2022 . 2022: 1-6.[J].IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), 2022, 8(1):1-6
[9]OETTERSHAGEN P, MELZER A, MANTEL T, et al.A solar-powered hand-launchable uav for low-altitude mul-ti-day continuous flight[C]∥2015IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).Piscataway, NJ:IEEE Press, 2015:3986-3993.
[10]BRADLEY T, MOFFITT B, MAVRIS D, et al.Applica-tions-transportationaviation: Fuel cells[J].Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009, 98(7):186-192
[11]戴月领, 贺云涛, 刘莉等.燃料电池无人机发展及关键技术分析[J].战术导弹技术, 2018, No.187(01):65-71
[12]LEI T, YANG Z, LIN Z, et al.State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aer-ial vehicle[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2019, 32(6):1488-1503
[13]Gao Q, Lei T, Deng F, Min Z, et al.A Deep Reinforce-ment Learning Based Energy Management Strategy for Fuel-Cell Electric UAV[J].2022 International Confer-ence on Power Energy Systems and Applications, 2022, 13(1):524-530
[14]Barzkar A, Ghassemi M.Electric power systems in more and all electric aircraft: A review[J].IEEE Access, 2020, 8(4):169314-169332
[15]Liu Y, Huang T, Xue L, et al.Research on energy optimal method of more electrical aircraft base on energy stor-age[J].CSAA/IET International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems, 2022, 6(1):465-471
[16]Ioannou S, Argyrou M, Christodoulides P, et al.Small signal transfer functions and mathematical model of the BOOST power converter[J].Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distri-bution and Energy Conversion, 2020, 12(1):245-250
[17]Rao F, Wu X, Gao W, et al.Small Signal Modeling and Simulation of Buck-Boost Circuit in DCM Mode[J].Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC), 2020, 4(1):2564-2569
[18]Chadha A, Kazimierczuk M.Small-Signal Modeling of Open-Loop PWM Tapped-Inductor Buck DC–DC Con-verter in CCM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec-tronics, 2021, 68(7):5765-5775
[19]Bechar M, Hazzab A, Habbab M.Real-Time scalar con-trol of induction motor using rt-lab software[J].International Conference on Electrical Engineering Bou-merdes (ICEE-B), 2017, 5(1):1-5
[20]Moldovan T, R.Typhoon HIL Real-Time Validation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor’s Control[J].International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 2021, 9(1):1-6
CJA