波浪情况下民机水上迫降性能数值分析
收稿日期: 2023-02-24
修回日期: 2023-04-10
录用日期: 2023-08-17
网络出版日期: 2023-09-04
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(11672133);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目
Numerical analysis of civil aircraft ditching performance in wave condition
Received date: 2023-02-24
Revised date: 2023-04-10
Accepted date: 2023-08-17
Online published: 2023-09-04
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(11672133);A Project Founded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education institutions
为了研究波浪情况下民机水上迫降性能，选用计算流体力学的有限体积法求解非定常不可压缩RANS方程，基于VOF法、整体动网格法、斯托克斯五阶波浪模型和自适应网格技术，以空客A320-200为研究对象，按照适航规章相关要求与建议，构建了民机水上迫降数值仿真模型。首先，对比分析了静水面和波浪水面下飞机水上迫降过程。结果表明：相同初始飞行参数下，波浪水面下最大水平过载为2.42 g，是静水面的1.09倍；最大垂向过载为4.82 g，是静水面的2.82倍。2种情况下，空气垫效应和潜水现象明显，碰撞初段，飞机均受到吸力作用；波浪情况下，跳跃现象出现，但并未对飞机的运动过程产生剧烈影响。其次，研究了波浪参数对水上迫降性能的影响。分析结果表明：同一波峰撞击阶段内，波高越高，则最大水平过载和最大垂向过载越大；波长越长，则最大垂向过载越小；波高越高，波长越长，则最大下沉速度越大。
李勐 , 陈星伊 , 陈吉昌 , 吴彬 , 童明波 . 波浪情况下民机水上迫降性能数值分析[J]. 航空学报, 2024 , 45(2) : 28 -43 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28604
To study the ditching performance of civil aircraft in wave conditions， the finite volume method of computational fluid dynamics is used to solve the unsteady incompressible RANS equation. Based on the relevant requirements and suggestions of airworthiness regulations， VOF method， whole dynamic grid method， stokes fifth-order wave model and adaptive grid technology are used to construct the numerical simulation model. The research object is airbus A320-200. Firstly， the ditching process of aircraft in the calm water and wave condition is compared and analyzed. The results show that the maximum horizontal overload is 2.42 g in the wave condition， which is 1.09 times of that in the calm condition. The maximum vertical overload is 4.82 g， which is 2.82 times of that in the calm water condition. In both cases， cushion effect and diving phenomenon are obvious. In the initial stage of impact， the aircraft is affected by water suction. In the wave condition， jumping phenomenon appears， but does not have apparent effect on the ditching process. Secondly， the influence of wave factors on water ditching performance is studied. The results show that with the increase of the wave height， the maximum horizontal and vertical overload increase. With the increase of the wave length， the maximum vertical overload decreases. With the increase of the wave height and length， the maximum sinking velocity increases.
Key words： wave; civil aircraft; ditching; numerical wave generation; two phase flow
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