在机械设备或结构关键零部件环境振动试验过程中，通常需要用多个控制传感器监测和调整施加到试件上的载荷谱，使之与参考激励谱保持一致。因此，控制传感器的布设位置至关重要。而不恰当的布置会导致对试件的过试验或欠试验现象，严重影响振动试验的效果。为解决此类问题，本文开展了振动试验控制传感器位置优化设计研究。首先，依据振动台随机振动试验多点控制原理，建立了振动试验控制传感器位置优化设计的数学模型。通过特征映射方法，利用周围节点的频响函数加权和获得了控制点的频响函数，使得控制传感器位置在优化过程中可连续地变化。随后，利用基于敏度的优化策略，实现了对控制传感器位置的优化设计，使各控制传感器测得的响应谱均方根值误差明显减小，从而保证了振动试验的顺利进行。

In the environmental vibration test of a structural part， it is necessary to use multiple sensors to control the excitation applied to the test sample， so that the power spectrum input to the test sample would be basically consistent with the reference spectrum. However， the power spectrum measured by each of the control sensors may be significantly different， resulting in a noticeable inconsistency between the magnitudes of vibration forces transferred to the test sample by fixture. In some cases， the control spectrum may even go out-of-tolerance to interrupt the test. To address such a problem， this paper carries out the research on the optimization design of the control sensor positions for a vibration test. Firstly， the mathematical model of the position optimization of the control sensors is established according to the multi-point control strategy of the random vibration test on the vibration table. Using the feature mapping method， we obtain the frequency response function of a control sensor by the weighted sum of the frequency response function at the nodes around the control point to ensure continuous movement of the control sensor during the optimal design process. Then， using the gradient-based optimization algorithm， we can readily achieve the optimal position design of the control sensors， and considerably reduce the difference between the root-mean-square value of the response spectra measured by the control sensors. The optimization method proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical guidance for the position design of control sensors in the environmental vibration test of a structural part.