在航空座椅的取证试验中，乘员腰椎载荷峰值水平可体现航空座椅对乘员的保护效果，同时也是判断其是否通过适航取证试验的重要指标。本研究建立含座椅坐姿乘员一维集中参数模型，以数值假人模型和机身框段垂直坠撞试验为对象，使用综合评价指标和遗传算法，完成模型的参数识别和模型有效性验证。而后，基于经验证的模型，开展地板加速度的加载峰值、加载时间和加载波形对乘员腰椎载荷影响研究，结果表明乘员腰椎载荷峰值与速度变化量整体上呈正相关，与加载波形无关。根据速度变化量的不同，乘员腰椎峰值对加载时间和加载峰值的敏感性不同。研究提出了一种快速评估乘员腰椎载荷的手段，形成了基于地板加速度的乘员腰椎载荷峰值响应包面，可为运输类民机的适坠性设计提供支持。

In the certification test of aircraft seat, the occupant’s peak lumbar load can reflect the protective effect of the aircraft seat on occupants, besides, it is also a crucial indicator to judge whether the seat has passed the airworthiness certification test. Based on numerical dummy models and vertical crash test of fuselage section, an one-dimensional lumped parameter model of a seated occupant including seat is established. Comprehensive evaluation indicators and genetic algorithms is used to complete the identification and verification of the model. Based on the verified model, the study investigates the effect of peak floor acceleration, loading duration, and loading waveform on the lumbar load of the occupant. The results indicate that the peak force of the occupant's lumbar is positively correlated with the overall change in speed, and is not related to the loading waveform. The sensitivity of occupant's lumbar force peak to loading duration and acceleration peak varies depending on the variation in speed. The study proposes a rapid method for evaluating occupant lumbar load, forming a response envelope of occupant lumbar force peak based on floor acceleration, which can provide support for the design of crashworthiness of transportation civil aircraft.