针对具有结构材料微损取样优势的圆片小冲杆试验，基于能量密度等效理论，建立了关联圆片微试样小冲杆试验载荷、位移、几何尺寸和材料单轴力学律参数的载荷-位移模型；进而针对航空金属材料，提出了单轴拉伸试验结果与小冲杆试验结果之间实现材料力学性能互换的小冲杆试验新方法。对5种航空金属材料完成了小冲杆试验及传统拉伸试验，结果表明，新方法所得圆片微试样的应力-应变曲线与单轴拉伸试验结果密切吻合，所得弹性模量与单轴拉伸试验结果之间相对误差在10%以内，所得塑性延伸强度和抗拉强度与单轴拉伸试验结果相对误差大部分在5%以内。新方法有望促进小冲杆试验在服役结构安全评价中的应用。

For the small punch test with the advantage of slightly damaged sampling， a theoretical model was derived based on the energy density equivalence principle to describe the relationships among the load， displacement， geometric size， and uniaxial mechanical law parameters. A novel small punch test method was then proposed for aerospace materials to convert mechanical properties between uniaxial tensile test results and small punch test results. Small punch tests and uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on five aerospace materials. The results show that the stress-strain curves obtained by the new method were in close agreement with those obtained by uniaxial tensile tests； the relative errors of the elastic moduli obtained by the new method results and the uniaxial tensile test results were within 10%； and the relative errors of the yield strengths and tensile strengths obtained by the two methods were mostly within 5%. The proposed method is expected to promote the application of SPT for the safety evaluation of in-service structures.