针对天基空间目标光学监测时初轨确定（IOD）困难的问题，讨论了计算结果收敛到平凡解的本因，提出了消去平凡解的改进定轨流程。通过构建Laplace初轨确定方法的八次方程，分析了空间目标处于不同相对位置时方程系数和根的性质之间的关系。针对传统Laplace型初轨确定方法收敛到观测平台轨道的现象，给出了平凡解的数学表征和数值验证并提出了消除方法。由于基于Lambert问题利用距离搜索的初轨确定方法进行天基目标监测时对初值相对敏感，利用平凡解消除方法对Gooding法进行了改造，提出了一种适用于天基空间目标初轨确定的方法与流程。最后利用低轨目标监测的实测数据和高轨目标监测的仿真数据对方法进行了验证。结果表明本方法可有效解决平凡解和初值敏感问题，方法具有收敛速度快、精度可靠的特点，且具有普适性，易于理解，便于推广。

Initial Orbit Determination （IOD） is a difficult problem in space-based optical space surveillance. Based on a discussion of the reason for the convergence of the calculation results converge to the trivial solution， an improved IOD procedure that eliminates the trivial solution is proposed. By constructing the 8th polynomial equation of the Laplace method， the relationship between the properties of coefficients and roots when the space target is at different relative positions is analyzed. For the phenomenon that the classical Laplace-type IOD method converges to the orbit of observation platform， the mathematical characterization and numerical verification of the trivial solution are given， and an elimination method is proposed. Since the IOD method using distance search based on the Lambert problem is relatively sensitive to the initial value of space-based target monitoring， the Gooding method is modified by the trivial solution elimination method， and a new method suitable for IOD of space-based space targets is proposed. Finally， the method is verified by measured data of low Earth orbit target monitoring and simulation data of geosynchronous orbit target monitoring. The results show that this method can effectively solve the trivial solution and initial value sensitive problems. The method has the characteristics of fast convergence speed and reliable accuracy， and is thus universal， easy to understand and generalize.