天问一号在国际上首次通过一次任务实现火星环绕、着陆、巡视的3大目标，突破了多项关键技术。本文介绍了天问一号的任务概况和飞行进展，全面总结了任务取得的8类创新成就和突破的主要关键技术。具体包括:火星环绕、着陆、巡视3大任务强耦合的总体设计、多弹道地球逃逸轨道发射、行星际飞行与火星捕获控制、火星进入下降着陆、火星表面恶劣环境应对、4亿千米远距离测控通信、遥感与巡视探测先进载荷、火星环境建模与地面验证试验。天问一号任务取得圆满成功，使得中国在深空探测领域一举进入世界先进行列。
Tianwen-1 is the first mission in the world to achieve the three goals of Mars orbiting, landing and roving in one mission, and has made some key-technology breakthroughs. The mission objectives and flight progress are introduced, and eight kinds of innovation achievements and the main technical breakthroughs are comprehensively summarized in this paper. Specifically, the key technologies include the overall design of Mars orbiting, landing and roving objectives strongly coupled, multi-trajectory launch of Earth escape orbit, interplanetary flight and Mars capture, Mars enter, descent and landing, solutions adaptive to Martian harsh environment, 400-million-kilometer communication, advanced payloads of remote sensing and patrol detection, and Mars environmental modeling and ground validation. The complete success of the mission has made China become one of the advanced countries in the field of deep space exploration.
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