压比对文氏管汽蚀动态过程演变的影响

梁涛; 崔朋; 成鹏; 李清廉; 张彬; 宋杰

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.25212

航空学报 >

2022 , Vol. 43 >Issue 3: 125212 - 125212

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.25212

流体力学与飞行力学

压比对文氏管汽蚀动态过程演变的影响

梁涛 ,
崔朋 ,
成鹏 ,
李清廉 ,
张彬 ,
宋杰

展开

国防科技大学空天科学学院高超声速冲压发动机技术重点实验室, 长沙 410073

收稿日期: 2021-01-05

修回日期: 2021-01-19

网络出版日期: 2021-04-27

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（11902351）

收起

Influence of pressure ratio on evolution of cavitation dynamic process in Venturi tube

LIANG Tao ,
CUI Peng ,
CHENG Peng ,
LI Qinglian ,
ZHANG Bin ,
SONG Jie

Expand

Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Received date: 2021-01-05

Revised date: 2021-01-19

Online published: 2021-04-27

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11902351)

Fold

摘要

基于高速摄影和高频压力测量技术，对半矩形文氏管开展了酒精汽蚀试验，获得了汽蚀区域的流场结构和高频压力数据，基于标准差法分析了汽蚀区长度与压比的关系，基于图像和压力信号研究了汽蚀区的动态演变规律和压力振荡特性。结果表明:压比越小，汽蚀区发展越充分，且汽蚀区长度与压比呈负相关关系。汽蚀区动态特性由湍流脉动和折返射流机制主导，当压比较大时，湍流脉动主导了汽蚀区的动态行为，汽蚀区可分为发展区、融合区、溃灭区；压比较小时，折返射流主导了汽蚀区的动态行为，汽蚀区可分为发展区、回流区、溃灭区。发展区汽蚀形态稳定，能抑制下游压力波向上游的传递；湍流脉动和折返射流会造成发展区后方区域脱落云团的生成，并给下游带来压力振荡，振荡主频呈现出频带特征；低背压时，脱落云团将移动至扩散段下游更远区域，较大逆压梯度将造成脱落云团的逆行，使得扩散段存在局部回流区。

关键词： 半矩形文氏管; 汽蚀; 可视化; 动态过程; 压比; 液体火箭发动机

本文引用格式

梁涛 , 崔朋 , 成鹏 , 李清廉 , 张彬 , 宋杰 . 压比对文氏管汽蚀动态过程演变的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2022 , 43(3) : 125212 -125212 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.25212

Abstract

Alcohol cavitation experiments were carried out on a semi-rectangular Venturi tube based on high-speed photography and high-frequency pressure measurement technology.The flow field structure and high-frequency pressure data of the cavitation area were obtained via the standard deviation method, and the dynamic evolution law and pressure oscillation characteristics of the cavitation area were studied based on the picture and pressure signals.The results show that the smaller the pressure ratio is, the more fully the cavitation region develops, and there is a negative correlation between the length of cavitation region and the pressure ratio.The dynamic characteristics of the cavitation region are dominated by the turbulence fluctuation and re-entrant jet mechanism.With a high pressure ratio, the turbulence fluctuation dominates the dynamic behavior of the cavitation zone which can be divided into the developing zone, fusion zone and collapse zone.When the pressure ratio is small, the re-entrant jet dominates the dynamic behavior of the cavitation region, and the cavitation region can be divided into the developing zone, recirculation zone and collapse zone.The development zone is stable and can inhibit the transmission of the downstream pressure wave toward the upstream direction; the turbulence fluctuation and re-entrant jet will cause the formation of falling cloud clusters in the rear area of the development zone, thereby bringing pressure oscillation to the downstream area, with the main frequency of the oscillation exhibiting characteristics of the frequency band; when the back pressure is low, the falling cloud cluster will move further downstream in the diffusion zone, and the larger reverse pressure gradient will cause retrogradation of the falling cloud cluster, forming a local recirculation zone in the diffusion section.

Key words： semi-rectangular Venturi tube; cavitation; visualization; dynamic process; pressure ratio; liquid rocket engine

参考文献

[1] LIANG J, LUO X H, LIU Y S, et al.A numerical investigation in effects of inlet pressure fluctuations on the flow and cavitation characteristics inside water hydraulic poppet valves[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 103:684-700.
[2] JABLONSKÁ J, MAHDAL M, KOZUBKOVÁ M.Spectral analysis of pressure, noise and vibration velocity measurement in cavitation[J].Measurement Science Review, 2017, 17(6):250-256.
[3] FRANC J P, MICHEL J M.Fundamentals of cavitation[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004:119-132.
[4] KRELLA A K, KRUPA A.Effect of cavitation intensity on degradation of X6CrNiTi18-10 stainless steel[J].Wear, 2018, 408-409:180-189.
[5] DULAR M.Hydrodynamic cavitation damage in water at elevated temperatures[J].Wear, 2016, 346-347:78-86.
[6] GAGOL M, PRZYJAZNY A, BOCZKAJ G.Wastewater treatment by means of advanced oxidation processes based on cavitation-A review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 338:599-627.
[7] SURYAWANSHI P G, BHANDARI V M, SOROKHAIBAM L G, et al.Solvent degradation studies using hydrodynamic cavitation[J].Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2018, 37(1):295-304.
[8] HILARES R T, RAMOS L, DA SILVA S S, et al.Hydrodynamic cavitation as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment[J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2018, 38(4):483-493.
[9] ŠARC A, STEPIŠNIK-PERDIH T, PETKOVŠEK M, et al.The issue of cavitation number value in studies of water treatment by hydrodynamic cavitation[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2017, 34:51-59.
[10] LONG X P, ZHANG J Q, WANG J, et al.Experimental investigation of the global cavitation dynamic behavior in a Venturi tube with special emphasis on the cavity length variation[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2017, 89:290-298.
[11] SATO K, HACHINO K, SAITO Y.Inception and dynamics of traveling-bubble-type cavitation in a Venturi[J].Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004, 70(689):69-76.
[12] RUDOLF P, HUDEC M, GRÍGER M, et al.Characterization of the cavitating flow in converging-diverging nozzle based on experimental investigations[J].EPJ Web of Conferences, 2014, 67:02101.
[13] ABDULAZIZ A M.Performance and image analysis of a cavitating process in a small type Venturi[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014, 53:40-48.
[14] SAYYAADI H.Instability of the cavitating flow in a Venturi reactor[J].Fluid Dynamics Research, 2010, 42(5):055503.
[15] ZHU J K, XIE H J, FENG K S, et al.Unsteady cavitation characteristics of liquid nitrogen flows through Venturi tube[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 112:544-552.
[16] TOMOV P, KHELLADI S, RAVELET F, et al.Experimental study of aerated cavitation in a horizontal Venturi nozzle[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 70:85-95.
[17] KNAPP R T.Recent investigations of the mechanics of cavitation and cavitation damage[J].Transactions of the ASME, 1955, 1(5):1045-1054.
[18] KAWANAMI Y, KATO H, YAMAGUCHI H, et al.Mechanism and control of cloud cavitation[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1997, 119(4):788-794.
[19] GANESH H, MÄKIHARJU S A, CECCIO S L.Interaction of a compressible bubbly flow with an obstacle placed within a shedding partial cavity[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series, 2015, 656:012151.
[20] WANG J, WANG L Y, XU S J, et al.Experimental investigation on the cavitation performance in a Venturi reactor with special emphasis on the choking flow[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2019, 106:215-225.
[21] JAHANGIR S, HOGENDOORN W, POELMA C.Dynamics of partial cavitation in an axisymmetric converging-diverging nozzle[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2018, 106:34-45.
[22] 赵东方.液氮文氏管汽蚀动态特性可视化实验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2016:36-39. ZHAO D F.Experimental observation on dynamic characteristic of liquid nitrogen cavitation in Venturi tube[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2016:36-39(in Chinese).
[23] TOMOV P, CROCI K, KHELLADI S, et al.Experimental and numerical investigation of two physical mechanisms influencing the cloud cavitation shedding dynamics[C]//9th International Symposium on Cavitation, 2016.
[24] CHEN G H, WANG G Y, HU C L, et al.Combined experimental and computational investigation of cavitation evolution and excited pressure fluctuation in a convergent-divergent channel[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2015, 72:133-140.
[25] 龙新平, 王炯, 左丹, 等.文丘里管不同空化阶段空化不稳定特性的试验研究[J].机械工程学报, 2018, 54(2):209-215. LONG X P, WANG J, ZUO D, et al.Experimental investigation of the instability of cavitation in Venturi tube under different cavitation stage[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(2):209-215(in Chinese).
[26] WU X J, MAHEUX E, CHAHINE G L.An experimental study of sheet to cloud cavitation[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2017, 83:129-140.
[27] WANG C C, HUANG B, WANG G Y, et al.Unsteady pressure fluctuation characteristics in the process of breakup and shedding of sheet/cloud cavitation[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 114:769-785.
[28] 刘上, 陈炜, 张兴军, 等.文氏管非定常空化流动可视化实验研究[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2019, 49(2):189-198. LIU S, CHEN W, ZHANG X J, et al.Visualization experimental study for Venturi tube unsteady cavitating flows[J].Scientia Sinica (Technologica), 2019, 49(2):189-198(in Chinese).
[29] DULAR M, KHLIFA I, FUZIER S, et al.Scale effect on unsteady cloud cavitation[J].Experiments in Fluids, 2012, 53(5):1233-1250.
[30] DANLOS A, RAVELET F, COUTIER-DELGOSHA O, et al.Cavitation regime detection through Proper Orthogonal Decomposition:Dynamics analysis of the sheet cavity on a grooved convergent-divergent nozzle[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2014, 47:9-20.
[31] DULAR M, BACHERT B, STOFFEL B, et al.Relationship between cavitation structures and cavitation damage[J].Wear, 2004, 257(11):1176-1184.
[32] SATO K, TANADA M, MONDEN S, et al.Observations of oscillating cavitation on a flat plate hydrofoil[J].JSME International Journal Series B, 2002, 45(3):646-654.
[33] WALLIS G B.One dimensional two-phase flows[M].New York:Mcgraw Hill, 1967.
[34] 朱佳凯.低温空化非稳态特性和机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2018. ZHU J K.Study on unsteady characteristics and mechanisms of cryogenic cavitation[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2018(in Chinese).
[35] GANESH H, MÄKIHARJU S A, CECCIO S L.Bubbly shock propagation as a mechanism for sheet-to-cloud transition of partial cavities[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 802:37-78.
[36] CHEN T R, CHEN H, LIANG W D, et al.Experimental investigation of liquid nitrogen cavitating flows in converging-diverging nozzle with special emphasis on thermal transition[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 132:618-630.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献