小型电动无人机通常采用锂电池、无刷电机和螺旋桨组成能源动力系统，飞行过程中锂电池的实际工作电压发生变化，但飞机的总重量不变，其航程航时的估算方法与传统的燃油飞机有所不同。为了准确评估动力系统对飞机设计的影响，建立了以锂电池为动力的电动飞机推进系统模型，通过与实验数据比较，验证了各部分模型的准确性。利用该动力系统模型，对某款小型电动无人机进行了航程和航时估算，结果表明本文的建模方法准确有效，航程航时估算接近实验数据，可作为小型电动无人机设计的重要参考。
Small electric UAVs usually use lithium battery, brushless motor and propeller as the energy power system. The working voltage of lithium battery decreases during the flight, but the total weight of the aircraft remains the same, that leads to the design method of battery powered UAVs is different from the traditional fuel powered aircraft. In this paper, the model of propulsion system for battery-powered aircraft is developed to accurately evaluate the influence of power system on aircraft design. Comparison with the experimental data has proved the model to be reliable. The range and endurance of a certain electric UAV are estimated by propulsion model and the results show that the modeling method in this paper is accurate and effective, which can be a reference for the design of small electric UAVs.
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