Motion measurement and state estimation of the non-cooperative target play an important role in the development of space technology. Estimation of the relative state of the non-cooperative target is a difficult problem. In the traditional extended Kalman filter algorithm, it is needed to estimate the centroid position of the non-cooperative target, which increases the dimension of state variables and uncertainty of the system, and thus affects the convergence speed of extended Kalman filtering. In this paper, a relative navigation method for non-cooperative target based on the sequence image is proposed. The attitude estimation of non-cooperative target can be realized without estimation of the centroid position, then the centroid position can be estimated based on the attitude estimated before. The relationship between the measured value and the true attitude of the non-cooperative target is derived. The sequence-image based measurement model is constructed. The state formula without the centroid position of the non-cooperative target and the state formula based on the position and velocity of non-cooperative target are established. An extended Kalman filter algorithm for state estimation of the non-cooperative target is developed. It is shown that the proposed method can converge rapidly within 50 samples times (i.e., 5 seconds) at a sampling frequency of 10HZ in the simulation, and is thus beneficial to the on-orbit service and maintenance of space vehicles.
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