含稀土TiCx增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

张志强; 杨凡; 张宏伟; 张天刚

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.24115

航空学报 >

2021 , Vol. 42 >Issue 7: 624115 - 624115

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.24115

先进制造技术与装备专栏

含稀土TiC_x增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

张志强 ,
杨凡 ,
张宏伟 ,
张天刚

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1. 中国民航大学航空工程学院, 天津 300300;
2. 中国民航大学工程技术训练中心, 天津 300300

收稿日期: 2020-04-20

修回日期: 2020-05-21

网络出版日期: 2020-07-17

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（51905536）；中央高校基本科研业务费（3122019084）

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Microstructure and wear resistance of TiC_x reinforced Ti-based laser cladding coating with rare earth

ZHANG Zhiqiang ,
YANG Fan ,
ZHANG Hongwei ,
ZHANG Tiangang

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1. College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
2. Engineering Techniques Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Received date: 2020-04-20

Revised date: 2020-05-21

Online published: 2020-07-17

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China (51905536);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (3122019084)

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摘要

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面成功制备了含稀土CeO₂的碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层。运用渗透探伤、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子探针、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等分析和测试方法研究了碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层的成形质量、微观组织、元素分布、硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明，涂层内无裂纹缺陷，仅在层间过渡区分布有少量气孔（孔隙率为1.65%）。涂层中物相主要包括富Ti、Cr元素的β固溶体（CrTi₄）、缺位型碳化钛（TiC_x）和稀土氧化物（CeO₂）。熔覆层各微区的碳化钛形貌存在显著差异，熔覆层顶部和中部区域呈发达树枝晶状和针状，而结合区由针状和小尺寸不发达枝晶组成。碳化钛枝晶中碳元素分布不均匀，一次枝晶含碳量高于二次枝晶。基体相中Ni和Cr元素呈现明显偏析，而Al和V元素分布相对均匀。此外，稀土氧化物CeO₂主要分布于TiC_x与CrTi₄相界以及CrTi₄晶粒边界处。与基材相比，尽管TiC_x增强钛基复合涂层具有较高的摩擦系数，但其耐磨性显著增加（提高近52%）。熔覆层和基材磨损机制均为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的复合磨损模式，但熔覆层的磨损程度较轻。

关键词： 钛合金; 激光熔覆; TiC_x; CrTi₄; CeO₂; 摩擦磨损

本文引用格式

张志强 , 杨凡 , 张宏伟 , 张天刚 . 含稀土TiC_x增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性[J]. 航空学报, 2021 , 42(7) : 624115 -624115 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.24115

Abstract

Titanium carbide reinforced titanium-based cladding coating with rare earth CeO₂ on Ti6Al4V surface is successfully prepared by the coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding technology. The forming quality, microstructure, element distribution, hardness, and friction and wear properties are investigated by penetration inspection, optical microscopes, X-ray diffractometers, scanning electron microscopes, energy spectrum analyzers, electro-probe microanalyzers, microhardness, and friction and wear testing methods. The results show no crack defects in the coating, with only a few pores distributed in the interlayer transition zone (the porosity rate 1.65%). The main phases of the coating include β solid solution (CrTi₄) which is rich in Ti and Cr elements, vacant titanium carbide (TiC_x) and rare earth oxide (CeO₂). Significant differences exist in the morphologies of titanium carbides in different zones of the cladding coating. The titanium carbides in the top and middle zones of the cladding coating exhibit well-developed dendritic and needle-like shapes, while the bonding zone consists of needle-like and small-sized undeveloped dendrites. The distribution of the carbon element in the titanium carbide dendrites is relatively heterogeneous, and the carbon content of the primary dendrites is higher than that of the secondary dendrites. Ni and Cr elements in the matrix phase present an obvious segregation phenomenon, while the distribution of Al and V elements are relatively uniform. In addition, rare earth oxide CeO₂ is mainly distributed at the interphase boundary between TiC_x and CrTi₄ as well as the CrTi₄ grain boundary. Compared with the substrate, although the TiC_x reinforced titanium-based composite coating exhibits a higher friction coefficient, the wear resistance is significantly increased (by nearly 52%). Both the wear mechanisms of the cladding coating and the substrate are of composite wear modes combining adhesive wear with abrasive wear; however, the cladding coating displays a lighter degree.

Key words： titanium alloy; laser cladding; TiC_x; CrTi₄; CeO₂; friction and wear

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