以电推进飞机的动力系统作为研究对象，开展了以下研究工作：采用电力系统潮流计算方法，分析了采用高压直流供电体制的分布式电推进飞机电气系统，模拟了其在稳定运行状态与断路故障状态下的能量流动关系，同时分析了直流电压等级对电气系统的影响。搭建了完整的分布式电推进飞机动力系统仿真模型，依据基于时间和基于高度的飞行剖面，对比分析了纯电推进与涡轮电推进架构在推进功率、推进效率与航程3个评价指标上的优劣。建立了动力系统典型部件的参数化模型，并使用符号规划算法对建立的参数化模型进行了优化计算，比较了传统涡轮推进与涡轮电推进架构下动力系统质量与燃油消耗率间的优化权衡关系。研究结果为分布式电推进飞机混合动力系统的设计提供了有价值的正向设计方法。
Taking the electric propulsion aircraft power system as the research object, we conduct the following research. The power flow calculation method for the power system is used to analyze the distributed electric propulsion aircraft electrical system with the high-voltage DC power supply system; the energy flow relationship between the electrical system in the stable operating state and the open circuit fault state is simulated; the influence of the DC voltage level on the electrical system is analyzed. A complete distributed electric propulsion aircraft power system simulation model is built. The advantages and disadvantages of pure electric propulsion and turbo electric propulsion architectures in terms of three evaluation indicators (propulsion power, propulsion efficiency, and range) are comparatively analyzed. A parametric model of typical components of the power system is established and then optimized by the signomial geometric programming algorithm. The optimized trade-off relationship between the power system quality and fuel consumption rate with the traditional turbo propulsion and turbo-electric propulsion architectures is compared. The research results provide a valuable forward design method for the design of hybrid propulsion systems for electric propulsion aircraft.
[1] 陈培儒. 电推进飞机:开启航空业的新时代[J]. 大飞机, 2018(11):44-48. CHEN P R. Electric propulsion aircraft:A new era in aviation[J]. Jetliner, 2018(11):44-48(in Chinese).
[2] 廖忠权. 航空混合电推进系统发展研究[J]. 航空动力, 2018(2):45-50. LIAO Z Q. Research on the development of hybrid electric propulsion system[J]. Aerospace Power, 2018(2):45-50(in Chinese).
[3] LUONGO C A, MASSON P J, NAM T, et al. Next generation more-electric aircraft:a potential application for HTS superconductors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2009, 19(3):1055-1068.
[4] PETERS D A, MCKAY D R. The current decline in oil:investment and macroeconomic considerations[J]. Plastic Surgery, 2015, 23(1):55-56.
[5] PORNET C, ISIKVEREN A T. Conceptual design of hybrid-electric transport aircraft[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2015, 79:114-135.
[6] 孔祥浩, 张卓然, 陆嘉伟, 等. 分布式电推进飞机电力系统研究综述[J]. 航空学报, 2018, 39(1):021651. KONG X H, ZHANG Z R, LU J W, et al. Review of electric power system of distributed electric propulsion aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2018, 39(1):021651(in Chinese).
[7] 黄俊, 杨凤田. 新能源电动飞机发展与挑战[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(1):57-68. HUANG J, YANG F T. Development and challenges of electric aircraft with new energies[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(1):57-68(in Chinese).
[8] WELSTEAD J, FELDER J L. Conceptual design of a single-aisle turboelectric commercial transport with fuselage boundary layer ingestion[C]//54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston:AIAA, 2016.
[9] FALCK R D, CHIN J, SCHNULO S L, et al. Trajectory optimization of electric aircraft subject to subsystem thermal constraints[C]//18th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. Reston,:AIAA, 2017.
[10] HENDRICKS E S, CHAPMAN J, ARETSKIN-HARITON E. Load flow analysis with analytic derivatives for electric aircraft design optimization[C]//AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston:AIAA, 2019.
[11] CHAPMAN J W, LITT J S. An approach for utilizing power flow modeling for simulations of hybrid electric propulsion systems[C]//2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. Reston:AIAA, 2018.
[12] WIPKE K B, CUDDY M R, BURCH S D. ADVISOR 2.1:A user-friendly advanced powertrain simulation using a combined backward/forward approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 1999, 48(6):1751-1761.
[13] SHANKAR R, MARCO J, ASSADIAN F. The novel application of optimization and charge blended energy management control for component downsizing within a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Energies, 2012, 5(12):4892-4923.
[14] AVANZINI G, DE MATTEIS G, de SOCIO L M. Two-timescale-integration method for inverse simulation[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1999, 22(3):395-401.
[15] GUZZELLA L, SCIARRETTA A. Vehicle propulsion systems:introduction to modeling and optimization[M]. 2nd ed. Berlin:Springer, 2007.
[16] DONATEO T, FICARELLA A, SPEDICATO L. Development and validation of a software tool for complex aircraft powertrains[J]. Advances in Engineering Software, 2016, 96:1-13.
[17] SADEY D J, CSANK J, HANLON P A, et al. A generalized power system architecture sizing and analysis framework[C]//2018 Joint Propulsion Conference.. Reston:AIAA, 2018.
[18] LI Q, BURGOS R, BOROYEVICH D. Hierarchical weight optimization design of aircraft power electronics systems using metaheuristic optimization methods[C]//2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. Reston:AIAA, 2018
[19] AIDAN P D, DAVID K H, and JEFFERY H L. Electric propulsion architecture assessment via signorial programming[C]//AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. Reston:AIAA, 2018.
[20] 刘天琪. 现代电力系统分析理论与方法[M]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2016. LIU T Q. Analysis theory and method of modern power system[M]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press, 2016(in Chinese).
[21] 朱宝鎏. 无人飞机空气动力学[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社, 2006. ZHU B L. UAV Aerodynamics[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2006.10(in Chinese).
[22] HOBURG W, ABBEEL P. Geometric programming for aircraft design optimization[J]. AIAA Journal, 2014, 52(11):2414-2426.
[23] SOBIES S, JAROSLAW, ALAN M, et al. Multidisciplinary design optimization supported by knowledge-based engineering[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
[24] BURNELL E, HORURG W. GPkit software for geometric programming (Version 0.7.0, 2018)[EB/OL]. https://github.com/converxengineering/gpkit.
[25] FARVE N. Design of a low-mass high-torque brushless motor for application in quadruped robotics[D]. Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2012.
[26] OFORI T J. Permanent-magnet synchronous motors and associated power electrics for direct-drive vehicle propulsion[D]. Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996.
[27] BROWN G. Weights and efficiencies of electric components of a turboelectric aircraft propulsion system[C]//49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston:AIAA, 2011.
[28] AKSUGUR M, INALHAN G. Design methodology of a hybrid propulsion driven electric powered miniature tailsitter unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 2010, 57(1-4):505-529.
CJA