天地往返运输系统是能够自由进出空间轨道、安全返回地球表面、执行天地往返运输任务的航天运输体系。近年来，随着先进动力、新材料、新工艺的带动效应逐渐显现，各航天集团开始了新一轮先进天地往返系统的研究，其中大量研究项目针对具备完全可重复使用、可大幅降低运送有效载荷进入太空成本的先进天地往返运输系统展开。本文针对这一热点领域进行综述性研究，对不同类型进出大气层飞行器的气动设计特点进行了分析，结果表明跨大气层飞行器是天地往返运输系统的主要载体，认为未来主要以火箭助推入轨滑翔再入和水平起飞水平返回为主要发展方向，两类飞行在气动设计方面有高超飞行器宽域飞行适应性的共性难题，同时在气动-动力一体化化设计方面又有较大的差异。
The space transportation system is a system that can freely enter and exit the space orbit, safely return to the earth surface, and undertake transportation missions between the space orbit and the earth. In recent years, the emerging of the driving effect of advanced power, new materials, and new technologies has spurred a new round of investigations on the advanced space transportation system by aerospace groups. This paper focuses on the research of this hot spot. The aerodynamic characteristics of different types of vehicles entering and leaving the atmosphere are analyzed. Among these studies, the cross-atmosphere vehicle is the main carrier in the space transportation system, and the main development direction of the future space transportation system involves rocket assisted launch and glide reentry vehicles, and horizontal take-off and horizontal landing vehicles. These two types of vehicles have common difficulties in aerodynamic design as well as large differences in power aerodynamic integration design.
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