载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。
Manned spacecraft has the characteristics of large system scale, high technical difficulty, single piece and small batch production, inability to continuously improve the design through multiple flights, and high reliability requirements. Currently, some problems in the development of manned spacecraft still exist, such as low degree of parameterization and modeling, lack of comprehensive simulation and verification of model-based systems, lack of digital integration in all aspects of development. The traditional text-based system engineering method cannot meet the development requirements, resulting in the urgent need to adopt the model-based system engineering method. Based on the development status and application requirements of manned spacecraft, a model system for the whole life cycle of manned spacecraft is proposed and six types of models including the demand model, function model, product model, engineering model, manufacturing model and implementation model are defined. The model-based development process consisting of closed-loop verification of system design, closed-loop verification of product design, and implementation of product is presented. In addition, the transfer and correlation between different models in each development link are explored. The proposed method is systematically verified based on the application of a certain manned spacecraft.
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