多孔板结冰自强化效应对水升华器性能的影响

刘畅; 宁献文; 苗建印; 王玉莹; 吕巍; 王录

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2018.22046

航空学报 >

2018 , Vol. 39 >Issue 9: 122046 - 122053

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2018.22046

流体力学与飞行力学

多孔板结冰自强化效应对水升华器性能的影响

刘畅 ,
宁献文 ,
苗建印 ,
王玉莹 ,
吕巍 ,
王录

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北京空间飞行器总体设计部空间热控技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100094

收稿日期: 2018-01-25

修回日期: 2018-02-19

网络出版日期: 2018-04-11

基金资助

国家科技重大专项；国家自然科学基金（11472040）

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Influence of self-strengthening effect of porous plate icing on water sublimators' performance

LIU Chang ,
NING Xianwen ,
MIAO Jianyin ,
WANG Yuying ,
LYU Wei ,
WANG Lu

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Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control Technology, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering(ISSE), Beijing 100094, China

Received date: 2018-01-25

Revised date: 2018-02-19

Online published: 2018-04-11

Supported by

National Science and Technology Major Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (11472040)

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摘要

水升华器是一种利用水作为消耗性介质的相变散热装置，在航天器热控及生保系统中得到了广泛应用。在水升华器启动及运行过程中多孔板内部发生的结冰膨胀现象会对多孔板微观结构进行再加工；由于形变硬化效应，水升华器多次工作后，多孔板的塑性将逐渐降低，结构参数将逐渐固化，将这一过程定义为多孔板的自强化。而多孔板微观结构的变化，将对水升华器防击穿能力、稳态散热功率等宏观性能产生影响。在对水升华器工作机理进行分析的基础上，从微观角度定性研究了水升华器多孔板的结冰自强化机理，并针对自强化效应对水升华器宏观性能的影响开展了实验研究。结果表明：对于本文结构的水升华器，在同一条件下，稳态散热功率随着启动次数的增加而减小，且每次减小的幅度逐渐降低，在启动3~4次后稳态散热功率逐渐趋于稳定。由实验数据得到了水升华器稳态散热功率与启动次数之间的拟合关系式；渗透率越大的多孔板，水升华器工作过程对多孔板的再加工程度更大，因而自强化效果更明显；自强化效应还可以提高水升华器的防击穿能力。研究结果为探月三期工程嫦娥五号探测器提供了一定的设计依据。

关键词： 水升华器; 多孔板; 自强化效应; 结冰; 航天器热控制

本文引用格式

刘畅 , 宁献文 , 苗建印 , 王玉莹 , 吕巍 , 王录 . 多孔板结冰自强化效应对水升华器性能的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2018 , 39(9) : 122046 -122053 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2018.22046

Abstract

The water sublimator is a heat rejection device widely used in the spacecraft thermal control system, which uses water as the consumptive medium by taking advantage of the sublimation phase change of water. During the startup and operation processes of the water sublimator, frost expansion in the porous plate will reshape the microscopic structure of the plate. Due to the effect of strain hardening, the plasticity of the porous plate will decrease and the structural parameters will be fixed after the water sublimator operates for many times, which is defined here as self-strengthening of the porous plate. As a consequence, the macroscopic performances of the water sublimator, e.g. steady-state heat rejection and ability of anti-breakthrough will be affected. In this paper, experimental research on self-strengthening effect of the porous plate on the water sublimator is carried out. The results show that for the specific water sublimator structure involved in this paper, the steady-state heat rejection decreases with the increase of the times of startup under the same condition, and the decrease rate slows down gradually. The steady-state heat rejection of the water sublimator is stabilized after 3-4 times of startup. A fitting formula that describes the relationship between steady-state heat rejection and times of startup is provided. The effect of self-strengthening behaves more notably as the permeability of the porous plate increases, and the effect can improve the anti-breakthrough ability of the plate. This research can offer some references for the design of the third mission of the moon exploration of China.

Key words： water sublimators; porous plate; self-strengthening effect; icing; spacecraft thermal control

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