轴流压气机机匣变形对多排转子流场特性的影响
收稿日期: 2015-11-11
修回日期: 2016-01-06
网络出版日期: 2016-01-18
基金资助
国家自然科学基金（51306003）
Effects of casing deformation on blade rows flow field characteristics in an axial-flow compressor
Received date: 2015-11-11
Revised date: 2016-01-06
Online published: 2016-01-18
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China
在实际轴流压气机加工、装配、使用过程中，机匣的圆度控制、叶片的高度控制、转子和机匣之间的同轴度控制等都普遍存在误差，意味着叶尖间隙的不均匀性必然地存在于每台压气机中。随着对轴流压气机流动研究的不断深入，叶尖周向非均匀间隙成为了需要考虑的问题。针对由机匣变形造成的非均匀叶尖间隙，研究了其对多排转子流场特性的影响。首先介绍了表征机匣变形程度的新参数，进而引进了非轴对称压气机模型的建模方法。针对3种不同的间隙周向布局，采用定常和非定常方法进行了数值模拟，对比了均匀与非均匀间隙下多排转子的气动性能，分析了机匣变形对气动损失分布和传播的影响，并研究了非均匀间隙下非定常压力和气动力的脉动特征。结果表明：非均匀间隙会降低转子性能，转子叶排叶尖区域的流场在非均匀间隙下呈现明显的周向非对称性，在上游叶排“尾迹”的干扰下，后排转子叶尖流场的周向非对称性要大于前排转子。非均匀间隙布局与各叶片气动力分布呈现明显的对应关系，小间隙区域叶片的气动力高，大间隙区域叶片气动力相对较低，从而增加了非均匀间隙下转子叶片的气动力幅值。
陈颖秀 , 侯安平 , 张明明 , 张思牧 . 轴流压气机机匣变形对多排转子流场特性的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2016 , 37(11) : 3284 -3295 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2016.0010
In the actual machining, installation and using process, the problems of casing deformation, rotor eccentricity and nonuniform rotor blade heights exist to some extent in all axial-flow compressors, resulting in circumferential nonuniform tip clearance. With the deepening of the research on axial-flow compressor flow, the nonuniform clearance becomes the problem should be considered. The focus of this investigation is on the nonuniform clearance caused by casing deformation and its effect on the flow field characteristics of the rotor rows. The new parameter representing the nonuniformity of tip clearance is recommended, and the modeling approach for the nonaxisymmetry compressor is introduced. Three numerical models with different tip clearance nonuniformities are investigated by both steady and unsteady calculations. The effects of nonuniform clearance on aerodynamic performance and flow loss distribution are analyzed. The unsteady pressure fluctuation and aerodynamic force are also discussed. The results indicate that the nonuniform clearance can contribute to performance degradation and the circumferential asymmetrical flow field in blade tip regions. Due to the "wake" of the upstream blade row, flow field asymmetry of the back rotor row is more obvious than that of the front rotor row. There is direct correspondence between the nonuniform clearance layout and the aerodynamic force distribution in the circumferential direction. The blade aerodynamic force is higher at small tip clearance regions and lower at large tip clearance regions, increasing the amplitude of the aerodynamic force in casing deformation.
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