针对单基地相关多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达中存在的阵列幅相误差问题进行了研究。给出了单基地相关MIMO雷达的阵列模型,并提出了一种MIMO雷达幅相误差估计方法。利用发射正交信号对阵列接收信号进行匹配滤波,可分离得到类似传统阵列的"虚拟阵列",利用分时信源数据将该阵列中真实导向矢量中信源波达方向(DOA)引起的相位与幅相误差分离开,通过构造代价函数得到波达方向估计值,进而分别得到发射阵与接收阵的幅相误差的估计值,同时给出了误差引入量分析。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。本文介绍的方法简单可行,适用于任意构型MIMO雷达的幅相误差估计。
This paper studies the problem of estimation of array gain and phase errors in a collocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. An array model for a monostatic collocated MIMO radar is presented, and a method that estimates the gain and phase errors for MIMO radar systems is also given. By using the transmitted orthogonal waveforms to match the received signals, a "virtual array" similar to the conventional array can be obtained. Based on the time-sharing data, the phase caused by the direction of arrival (DOA) of the time-sharing signal and the gain and phase errors are separated from each other in the "virtual array" real steering vector. A cost function is structured to get the DOA estimation, and then the gain and phase errors are estimated based on the DOA estimates obtained afore. The remainder error induced by the estimation process is analyzed. Finally, the validity of the model is testified through computer simulation. The method introduced in this paper is simple and feasible, and suitable for any array manifold.
[1] Akakaya M, Nehorai A. MIMO radar detection and adaptive design under a phase synchronization mismatch. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2010, 58(10): 4994-5005.
[2] Zhou S, Liu H. Signal fusion-based target detection algorithm for spatial diversity radar. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2011, 5(3): 204-214.
[3] Aittomäki T, Koivunen V. Performance of MIMO radar with angular diversity under swerling scattering models. IEEE Journal of Selected Topis in Signal Processing, 2010, 4(1): 101-114.
[4] Zhuge X D, Yarovoy A G. A sparse aperture MIMO-SAR-based UWB imaging system for concealed weapon detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49(1): 509-518.
[5] Moo P W. Multiple-input multiple-output radar search strategies for high-velocity targets. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2011, 5(3): 256-265.
[6] Boyer R. Performance bounds and angular resolution limit for the moving colocated MIMO radar. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2011, 59(4): 1539-1552.
[7] Liu N, Zhang L R, Zhang J, et al. Direction finding of MIMO radar through ESPRIT and Kalman filter. Electronics Letters, 2009, 45(17): 908-909.
[8] Hassanien A, Vorobov S A. Phased-MIMO radar: a tradeoff between phased-array and MIMO radars. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2010, 58(6): 3137-3151.
[9] Zhang J, Zhang L R, Yang Z W, et al. Signal subspace reconstruction method of MIMO radar. Electronics Letters, 2010, 46(7): 531-532.
[10] Lei L, Lie J P, Gershman A B, et al. Robust adaptive beamforming in partly calibrated sparse sensor arrays. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2010, 58(3): 1661-1667.
[11] Xu Q, Liao G S, Ma L. New estimationmethod for DOA and gain-phase errors. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2008, 30(12): 2294-2297.(in Chinese) 徐青, 廖桂生, 马仑. 一种新的波达方向与幅相误差联合估计方法. 系统工程与电子技术, 2008, 30(12): 2294-2297.
[12] Xu L, Li J, Stoica P. Adaptive techniques for MIMO radar. Processing of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multi-channel Processing. Waltham, MA, USA : IEEE Press, 2006: 258-262.
[13] Qian H, Blum R S. Cramer-Rao bound for MIMO radar target localization with phase errors. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2010, 17(1): 83-86.
[14] Wang J, Jiang S, He J, et al. Adaptive subspace detector for multi-input multi-output radar in the presence of steering vector mismatch. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2011, 5(1): 23-31.
[15] Yang M L, Zhang S H, Chen B X, et al. Gain and phase error calibration for multi-carrier-frequency MIMO radar. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2010, 32(2): 279-283, 307. (in Chinese) 杨明磊, 张守宏, 陈伯孝, 等. 多载频MIMO雷达的幅相误差校正. 系统工程与电子技术, 2010, 32(2): 279-283, 307.
[16] Bekkerman I, Tabrikian J. Target detection and localization using MIMO radars and sonars. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2006, 54(10): 3873-3883.
CJA