由于颤振缩比模型与原模型在承力结构上存在差异,当二者的结构动力学特性相似时,气动弹性可能并不等效。针对该问题,提出了同时考虑结构动力学约束和颤振约束的颤振缩比模型优化设计方法,建立了利用遗传/敏度混合优化算法求解此问题的流程,研究了优化问题中目标函数和约束条件的选取方式,并以机翼颤振缩比模型为算例对方法的有效性进行了验证。研究表明,对于颤振缩比模型的设计,所提出的同时考虑结构动力学约束和颤振约束的优化设计方法,较之单独考虑结构动力学约束的优化方法具有更好的适用性。
For the load-carrying structures of original model and scaled flutter are different, their aeroelastic characteristics may not be matched when their structural dynamics are matched. For this problem, a method is presented of designing a scaled flutter model which takes into consideration both structural dynamics and flutter constraints; a process of using the genetic/sensitivity-based hybrid algorithm to solve this problem is built and the method of choosing objective functions and constraint conditions is discussed. With an example of a scaled flutter model design, the validity of this method is verified. This example indicates that the design optimization method considering both structural dynamics and flutter constraints possesses better applicability than the design optimization method considering structural dynamics only.
[1] 吕斌, 刘德广, 谢长川, 等. 机翼低速风洞试验颤振模型优化设计方法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2006, 32(2): 163-166. Lü Bin, Liu Deguang, Xie Changchuan, et al. Optimization designing method of wing flutter model for low-speed wind tunnel test[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006, 32(2): 163-166. (in Chinese)
[2] Pereira P, Almeida L, Suleman A, et al. Aeroelastic scaling and optimization of a joined-wing aircraft. AIAA-2007-1889, 2007.
[3] 邓奎英,王毅. 火箭动特性的缩比模型及建模分析[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术, 2003(3): 6-12. Deng Kuiying, Wang Yi. Studies on the scaled model and mathematical model for the overall dynamic characteristics of launch vehicle[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles, 2003(3): 6-12. (in Chinese)
[4] French M. Application of structural optimization in wind tunnel model design//Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference. 1990: 134-137.
[5] French M, Kolonay R M. Demonstration of structural optimization applied to wind-tunnel model design[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1992, 29(5): 966-968.
[6] Florance J R, Heeg J, Spain C V, et al. Variable stiffness spar wind-tunnel model development and testing//Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. 2004: 808-818.
[7] Vanessa B, Robert C, Suleman A, et al. Aeroelastic scaling for verification and evaluation of geometric nonlinearity on a joined-wing aircraft model. AIAA-2008-6073, 2008.
[8] Jenner R, Suleman A, Robert C, et al. Design of a scaled RPV for investigation of gust response of joined-wing sensorcraft. AIAA-2007-1889, 2007.
[9] 向锦武, 张呈林, 周传荣, 等. 有频率、振型节线位置要求的结构动力学优化设计[J]. 计算结构力学及其应用, 1995, 12(4): 401-408. Xiang Jinwu, Zhang Chenglin, Zhou Chuanrong, et al. Structural dynamics optimum design with given frequencies and position of mode shape node lines[J]. Computational Structural Mechanics and Applications, 1995, 12(4): 401-408. (in Chinese)
[10] 程志清, 陈怀海. 机翼颤振模型的结构动力学设计[J]. 振动工程学报, 1995, 8(2): 184-189. Cheng Zhiqing, Chen Huaihai. Dynamic design of a flutter model of airfoil[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 1995, 8(2): 184-189. (in Chinese)
[11] Martin C. Aeroelastic model design using an integrated optimization approach[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2003, 41(6): 1523-1525.
[12] 陈桂彬, 邹丛青, 杨超. 气动弹性设计基础[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 151-152. Chen Guibin, Zou Congqing, Yang Chao. Basis of aeroelastic design[M]. Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2004: 151-152. (in Chinese)
[13] Heeg J, Spain C V, Rivera J A, et al. Wind tunnel to atmospheric mapping for static aeroelastic scaling. AIAA-2004-2044, 2004.
[14] 赵永辉. 气动弹性力学与控制[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007: 123. Zhao Yonghui. Aeroelastic mechanics and control[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2007: 123. (in Chinese)
[15] 管德. 飞机气动弹性力学手册[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 1994: 216. Guan De. Aeroelastic mechanics manual of aircraft[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 1994: 216. (in Chinese)
[16] 万志强, 杨超, 郦正能. 混合遗传算法在气动弹性多学科优化中的应用[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2004, 30(12): 1142-1146. Wan Zhiqiang, Yang Chao, Li Zhengneng. Application of hybrid genetic algorithm in aeroelastic multidisciplinary optimization[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004, 30(12): 1142-1146. (in Chinese)
CJA